COMING UP NEXT, A BATTLE FOR THE SOUL OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY.

ALSO TONIGHT, WHO IS GUARDING AMERICA'S WATER SYSTEMS AND WHAT SHOULD WE DO ABOUT THE WATER CRISIS IN THE WEST?

STAY TUNED FOR ANSWERS FROM THE "IVORY TOWER" PROFESSORS.

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO "IVORY TOWER."

THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE.

I'M NINA MOORE OF COLGATE UNIVERSITY.

WITH ME AROUND THE TABLE TONIGHT, THE PROFESSORS: JENNIFER STROMER GALLONLEY OF SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, LUKE PERRY OF UTICA UNIVERSITY, RICK FENNER , ALSO OF UTICA UNIVERSITY, AND BEN BAUGHMAN, OF GANNON UNIVERSITY.

LET'S START WITH THIS WEEK'S MICHIGAN PRIMARY ELECTION.

SOME CALLED IT A BATTLE FOR THE SOUL OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY, ONE IN WHICH THE PROGRESSIVE Dr.

ABDUL EL SAY YESTERDAY DEFEATED MODERATE HALEY STEVENS.

IT WAS A HUGE WIN FOR THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST AGENDA THAT INCLUDES MEDICARE FOR ALL, BANNING CORPORATE MONEY IN POLITICS.

LIMITING MILITARY AID TO ISRAEL, ENDING LIFETIME TENURE FOR SUPREME COURT JUSTICES, ABOLISHING ICE AND MUCH MORE.

SO, LUKE, WHAT DO YOU SEE AS THE MAIN TAKEAWAYS FROM THE MICHIGAN PRIMARY RESULTS AND ARE THEY A SIGN OF THINGS TO COME?

>> I THINK HAVE YOU A FRUSTRATED AND DIVIDED DEMOCRATIC PARTY THAT IS TIRED OF LOSING STATEWIDE ELECTIONS, PARTICULARLY AT THE PRESIDENTIAL LEVEL, SOLIDLY BLUE STATE IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION FOR MANY YEARS.

NO LONGER IS THAT THE CASE.

IN THIS PRIMARY, YOU HAVE A SITUATION WHERE THE PROGRESSIVE CANDIDATE REALLY WELL IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION TOWNS, THE UNIVERSITY TOWNS, THAT'S HALF OF WHAT DEMOCRATS RELY ON.

AND THEN THE MORE MODERATE CANDIDATE DID BETTER IN THE DETROIT AREA, GENESEE AND OAKLAND COUNTIES.

SO IT WAS, YOU KNOW, THE TWO MAJOR PARTS OF THEIR SUCCESS, DIFFICULT VIEDED AND-- DIVIDED AND AL SYED NARROWLY EMERGED TO VICTORY.

IT WAS LACK LUSTER THE LAST ELECTION AND IF THAT IS NOT THERE, IT IS GOING TO BE A PROBLEM IN THIS ONE.

>> WHAT ABOUT THE TURNOUT PROBLEM LUKE RAISED?

>> GOING FORWARD, HOW THE TWO GROUPS DEAL WITH EACH OTHER IS GOING TO BE IMPORTANT AND I'M WORRIED ABOUT THIS BECAUSE-- >> WHEN YOU SAY THE TWO GROUPS.

>> THE PROGRESSIVES AND THE MODERATES, BECAUSE YOU KNOW, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF ISSUES, SUCH AS HEALTHCARE THAT THEY CAN GET TOGETHER ON AND HAVE A, YOU KNOW, UNIFYING ARGUMENT, BUT THEY SEEM TO BE AT BATTLE WITH ONE ANOTHER, THE THIRD WAVE, WHICH IS A GROUP OF MODERATES IS GOING TO SPEND $15 MILLION TO GO TO THE MEDIA AND TRY TO COUNTER THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST VIEWS AND THAT'S NOT A WAY THAT YOU INCREASE VOTER TURNOUT FOR YOUR SIDE.

AND I THINK THAT MIGHT BE HANDING REPUBLICANS A VICTORY HERE.

>> YEAH, 15 MILLION ON THAT CAMPAIGN THAT YOU MENTIONED, BUT JENNY, THIS IS, AS I UNDERSTAND IT, THE MOST EXPENSIVE PRIMARY ELECTION THUS FAR.

$70 MILLION.

SO WHAT ELSE IS GOING ON BESIDE THE SPLIT THAT RICK JUST MENTIONED?

>> RIGHT.

SO A NUMBER OF POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEES PUT MONEY INTO THIS RACE.

ONE OF THEM IS APAC, WHICH IS THE LOBBYING GROUP FOR BASICALLY ADVOCATES FOR THE ISRAELI STATE.

AND MY UNDERSTANDING IS THEY SPENT ROUGHLY $30 MILLION FOR HALEY STEVENS RACE BECAUSE THEY'RE CONCERNED, IN THE UNITED STATES, SUPPORT FOR ISRAEL HAS SOFTENED AND WITHIN THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY THERE IS A LOT OF CONCERN AND FRUSTRATION ABOUT THE U.S.

RESPONSE REGARDING ISRAEL AND GAZA AND SO IT WILL BE INTERESTING TO SEE WHAT THEY DO NOW IN THE GENERAL ELECTION.

>> YEAH, AGAIN, PART OF THE CONCERN THAT JENNY MENTIONED, HINGESES ON THE FACT THAT YOU HAVE A FAIRLY LARGE MUSLIM POPULATION WITHIN THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, SOMETHING LIKE 2% OVERALL.

BUT IT'S THE SIXTH LARGEST MUSLIM POPULATION IN THE COUNTRY.

HOW MUCH OF THAT-- HOW OF IT IS ABOUT RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCES?

>> THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION.

I DO KNOW THAT HE LEANED IN ON THAT AND I THINK THAT THAT WAS REALLY IMPORTANT FOR HIM TO LEAN IN AND TALK ABOUT ELECTABILITY.

HE ALSO TALKED ABOUT THE NEED FOR CHANGE AND AFFORDABILITY.

SO HE STAYED ON POINT AND HIS TALKING POINTS, IN PARTICULAR MORE RECENTLY, HAS BEEN TALKING ABOUT THE DAILY HURT THAT PEOPLE ARE FEELING IN THE GROCERY STORE, PUMPING GAS, RATHER THAN, AS HE POINTS IT OUT, SOMEBODY THAT IS PICKING UP TAPESTRIES FOR THE BALLROOM.

AND I THINK THAT IS LANDING.

I THINK WE ARE UNDERESTIMATING THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CANDIDATE THEMSELVES.

>> NINA, CAN I JUMP IN?

ONE OF THE THINGS THAT STRUCK ME ABOUT THE RACE IS THAT YOUNG VOTERS OVERWHELMINGLY WENT FOR EL SYED AND THAT IS AN INTERESTING SHIFT.

AND I THINK UNDERSCORES THE DIFFERENCES WITHIN THE PARTY AND THE PRIORITIES.

>> YEAH, THE FACT THAT YOUNG VOTERS FIGURED SO LARGELY.

NOT ONLY IN THIS PRIMARY, BUT DEMOCRATS SAW SOME EROSION AMONG YOUNG VOTERS.

SO, LUKE THE MESSAGE THAT PROGRESSIVES ARE PUSHING THE KIND OF MESSAGE THAT COULD WIN BACK THE YOUTH?

FOR EXAMPLE, URLS HEALTHCARE FOR ALL AND THE AIPAC ISSUE WE WERE TALKING ABOUT?

>> YOUNG DEMOCRATS ARE MORE PROGRESSIVE THAN THEIR OLDER COUNTERPARTS.

THEY DON'T VOTE IN LARGE NUMBERS.

THEY CAN HAVE AN I AM PCT ON THE PRIMARY BUT WILL THEY TURN OUT FOR THE NOVEMBER ELECTION.

I WOULD BE SKEPTICAL.

I THINK THE TURNOUT MACHINES WITHIN BLACK COMMUNITIES IN DETROIT ARE MUCH BETTER AND RELIABLE IN PRODUCING DEMOCRATIC VOTERS.

AND SO THAT'S GOING TO BE THE RUB.

AND THE OTHER THING THAT COMES TO MIND.

THIS IS EMBLEMATIC OF A LARGER PARTY STRUGGLE GOING BACK TO 2016 EVEN.

THE VERY BEGINNING OF THE DONALD TRUMP ERA I WAS AT THE DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION AS A JOURNALIST AND THE BERNIE OR BUST PEOPLE WERE NOT ON BOARD WITH HILLARY CLINTON'S NOMINATION AND IT WAS HEATED.

HERE WE ARE YEARS LATER, BERNIE CAME CLOSE TO GETTING THE NOMINATION BUT THE PROGRESSIVES ARE SAYING 10 YEARS LATER, THINGS ARE NOT MUCH BETTER.

WE ARE NOT WINNING ELECTIONS, DONALD TRUMP HAS BEEN ELECTED TWO OUT OF THREE TIMES.

WE NEED TO GO IN A DIFFERENT DIRECTION.

THERE IS A LARGER MOMENTUM AT PLAY AS WELL.

>> LARGER MOMENTUM WE WERE TALKING ABOUT IN THE GREEN ROOM EARLIER ABOUT THE FACT IT IS NO LONGER THE COASTAL STATES NOW BUT INROADS INTO MICHIGAN.

HOWEVER, RICK, THE ESTABLISHMENT WON IN THE OTHER PRIMARIES.

IS THIS A LIMITED VICTORY?

>> I THINK YOU SEE AROUND THE COUNTRY PROGRESSIVES HAVE BEEN DOING, IN MOST CASES, BETTER THAN EXPECTED.

I JUST WANTED TO GO BACK YOU USED THE TERM PROGRESSIVE AND SOMETIMES SAYING DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISTS AND I THINK THE DEMOCRATS SHOULD BE VERY CAREFUL BECAUSE THE DSA, DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISTS OF AMERICA ARE A VERY RADICAL GROUP AND THEY GO NOT ONLY FOR THINGS LIKE UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE BUT THEY WANT TO END CAPITAL ITCH.

THEY WANT TO NATIONALIZE THE LARGEST COMPANIES IN THIS COUNTRY AND I THINK BY USING THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST LITTLE D LITTLE S TERM THAT THE REPUBLICANS ARE GOING TO TAKE THE CAPITAL D AND CAPITAL SA.

AND PIET THEM OVER THE HEADS WITH IT.

A NUMBER OF PROGRESSIVE CANDIDATES HAVE BEEN CAREFUL NOT TO USE THAT... >> NOT TO USE AT THAT TIME LABEL.

HOWEVER, BEN, WOULD COULD ARGUE THEIR POSITIONS ARE SOCIALIST, FOR EXAMPLE, GETTING RID OF LIFETIME TENURE FOR SUPREME COURT JUSTICES.

THAT WOULD BE REALLY EARTH MOVING BUT ALSO ABOLISHING ICE ALL TOGETHER.

YOUR THOUGHTS.

>> IT'S INSANE.

IT'S INSANE.

IT IS ABSOLUTELY INSANE.

I THINK FRAMING IS KEY HERE, WHICH GOES TO THE POINTS THAT ARE BEING MADE.

>> THE FRAMING IN TERMS OF WHAT IT'S LABELED OR... >> OBAMACARE IS BASICALLY WHAT THEY'RE PUSHING FOR THAT PEOPLE SHOULD HAVE CARE.

BUT IF YOU FRAME IT AS BEING SOCIALIST, THAT NEGATIVE LABEL DOES HAVE AN IMPACT.

>> I SEE.

ALL RIGHT.

SO WE'LL PAY ATTENTION TO THE LABELS AND HOW THEY PLAY OUT.

WE'LL WE WILL MOVE ON TO THE NEXT TOPIC.

THE WATER TIMES OF 12 STATES WERE TARGETED BY CYBER ATTACKS, MINNESOTA WAS HIT THE HARDEST WITH 30 OF ITS WATER SYSTEMS ATTACKS, ALREADY THE BLAME GAME IS IN FULL SWING.

PRESIDENT TRUMP BLAMED MINNESOTA'S GOVERNOR, THE GOVERNOR AND UNNAMED GOVERNMENT SOURCES BLAME IRAN.

MEANWHILE, MORE ATTACKS ARE EXPECTED.

SO, JENNY, WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR GUARDING AMERICA'S WATERWAYS?

>> IT'S A REALLY, REALLY IMPORTANT QUESTION.

I THINK IT'S ONE WE REALLY SHOULD BE QUITE TERNED ABOUT BECAUSE THERE ISN'T ANY SYSTEMATIC OR WHOLE SAIL EFFORTS-- WHOLESALE TO ENSURE THE SECURITY OF OUR WATER SYSTEMS, ELECTRICITY GRID, NUCLEAR POWER SUPPLIES.

THIS SHOULD BE A WAKEUP CALL THAT WE HAVE SERIOUS CONCERNS.

THE CYBERSECURITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY AGENCY, WHICH IS A FEDERAL AGENCY THAT BOTH MONITORS FOR POTENTIAL CYBER ATTACKS AND HELPS MUNICIPALITIES AND COMPANIES TO ADDRESS CYBERSECURITY CHALLENGES.

THEY HAVE BEEN WARNING ABOUT THIS ISSUE FOR SEVERAL YEARS.

I'M CONCERNED THAT CISA HAS RECEIVED SUBSTANGSZ FUNDING CUTS WHICH MAKES IT EVEN HARDER FOR LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES TO DEAL WITH THESE SORTS OF ISSUES BECAUSE MANY DON'T HAVE THE TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE THE PEOPLE, THE RESOURCES TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO KEEP OUR NATION'S INFRASTRUCTURE SECURE.

SO AN AGENCY LIKE CISA IS REALLY ESSENTIAL TO THAT EDUCATION AND MONITORING TASK BECAUSE RIGHT NOW THERE ISN'T A CENSORS.

>> AND I AGREE WITH THE CONCERN.

AND I THINK PART OF THE CHALLENGES THAT YOU HAVE PRIVATE WATER COMPANIES THAT CAN MANAGE THINGS HOW THEY WANT, RIGHT?

THERE ARE CERTAIN REGULATIONS, BUT EVEN FEDERAL AGENCIES CAN'T COMPEL THEM TO HAVE CYBER DEFENSES IN CERTAIN AREAS.

SO YOU HAVE TO GET MASSIVE COORDINATION BETWEEN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, PRIVATE LOCAL COMPANIES THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY.

YOU WANT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TO HELP WITH THAT.

YOU ARE ALSO DEALING WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL COUNTRIES WHO YOU ARE PARTNERED WITH IN SHARING CYBER TECHNOLOGY.

YOU ARE ALSO DEALING WITH NATIVE TRIBES AS WELL WHO HAVE WATER RESOURCES AT PLAY HERE.

SO IT'S REALLY THIS CONFLUENCE OF ALL THESE DIFFERENT GROUPS THAT ARE TRYING TO KEEP WATER SAFE WITHOUT ANY CENTRALIZED COORDINATED EFFORT.

AND IN SOME WAYS THE DECENTRALIZATION IS GOOD BECAUSE IRAN HAS TO ATTACK THESE INDIVIDUALLY, BUT IT ALSO LEAVES US VULNERABLE IN A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT PLACES.

>> THAT'S WHAT STRUCK ME ABOUT DOING THE RESEARCH FOR THIS, RICK, IS THAT THERE ARE BIG AND SMALL TARGETS, WHICH CAN BE VERY DISRUPTIVE BECAUSE IN THIS CASE, IT AFFECTED WATER PRESSURE, SENDING OUT FALSE ALARMS ABOUT NEEDING TO BOIL WATER AND SO FORTH.

AND SO, AS HAS BEEN MENTIONED, SMALL TOWNS ARE STRUGGLING.

>> WELL WATER SUPPLY HAS ALWAYS BEEN AN ATTRACTIVE AND VULNERABLE OPPORTUNITY FOR TERRORISTS.

FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS WE WERE WORRIED ABOUT, YOU KNOW, BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS PUT INTO THE WATER.

THEN DRONES AND NOW MOVING ON TO CYBERSECURITY.

AND WE RELIED ON THAT MULTITIERED SECURITY, YOU KNOW,AT THE LOCAL LEVEL, BUT MANY OF THESE, AS WE HAVE SAID, ARE VERY SMALL.

SOME OF THEM PRIVATE.

AND SO IN SOME WAYS, I'M SURPRISED THAT WE HAVEN'T HAD MORE ATTACKS OR MORE SUCCESSFUL ATTACKS ON OUR WATER SUPPLY.

BUT I AGREE WITH JENNY, THE CUT IN FUNDING FOR THE MONEY TO FIGHT THESE CYBER ATTACKS, THAT'S A REAL CONCERN.

>> YEAH, AND YET, BEN, SO FAR THE FBI HAS STOPPED SHORT OF SAYING THAT THIS WAS DONE BY IRAN, ALTHOUGH UNNAMED SOURCES ARE PRETTY SURE THAT'S WHAT HAPPENED YOUR THOUGHTS.

>> YEAH, DESPITE THE CUTS AND EVERYTHING, THEY HAVE BEEN SAYING FOR YEARS THAT IRAN WAS GOING TO DO THIS AND HAVE BEEN MAKING ATTEMPTS TO DO THIS.

IT LOOKS LIKE IRAN DID IT.

IT WAS THE M.O.

THAT THEY HAVE DONE.

IT EVEN CAME FROM AN I.P.

ADDRESS OUT OF IRAN.

SO THOSE THINGS APPEAR TO BE IRAN-SPONSORED AND IT APPEARS THAT IRAN WANTS US TO KNOW THAT.

THE BIGGER ISSUE IS THAT WE DO HAVE E.P.A.

INVOLVED IN THIS.

THEY DO REQUIRE ANY COMMUNITY WATER SYSTEM THAT SERVES MORE THAN 3300 PEOPLE, TO FOLLOW CERTAIN RISK ASSESSMENT COMPONENTS AND 70% OF THEM FAILED AT THIS MOST RECENTLY.

SO I MEAN YOU HAVE THESE ISSUES IN PLACE.

THEY'RE AWARE OF IT BUT THEY'RE NOT EVEN CHANGING THE PASSWORD FROM THE DEFAULT OF 1, 1, 1, 1.

CHANGE THE PASSWORD.

>> JENNY.

>> SO IT IS NOTEWORTHY TO ME THAT THE ADMINISTRATION, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION WON'T ADMIT THAT THIS IS ACTUALLY AN IRANIAN ATTACK.

AND THEY'RE NOT BECAUSE IF THEY DO, THEN THAT SIGNALS THAT WE ARE VULNERABLE AND THAT THIS WAR IS NOT WORKING.

>> WE HAVE ACKNOWLEDGED BEFORE-- I MEAN THIS ISN'T THE FIRST TIME THIS HAS HAPPENED.

WATER SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN TARGETED IN THIS WAY.

IT HASN'T BEEN TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS POISONING THE WATER.

INSTEAD THEY'RE CONNECTING THROUGH THE INTERNET AND PUTTING TOO MUCH WATER IN THE-- TOO MUCH SODIUM IN THE WATER AND DISRUPTING IT.

THAT'S WHAT IS AT PLAY HERE.

WE HAVE SEEN THIS BEFORE.

THE OTHER THING THAT COMES TO MIND IS WE ARE ENGAGED IN CYBER WARFARE ALL THE TIME WITH A HANDFUL OF COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD.

NOBODY LIKES TO TALK ABOUT IT.

PART OF ME SAYS YES, PRESIDENT TRUMP COULD COME OUT AND SAY YES IRAN DID THIS AND BUT HE IS TRYING TO DEFLECT BLAME BUT NOBODY INVOLVED IN CYBER WARFARE WANTS TO TALK ABOUT ANYTHING GOING ON BECAUSE WE ARE ALL DOING IT.

>> BECAUSE YOU OPEN UP A CAN OF WORMS.

SO, RICK, THE GOVERNOR OF MINNESOTA SAID THAT THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT MODERN WARFARE LOOKS LIKE BUT AROUND THE TABLE WE HAVE ALSO TALKED ABOUT THE LIMITATIONS REGARDING AMERICAN INFRASTRUCTURE: WHICH IS IT OR IS IT BOTH?

>> I THINK IT'S A COMBINATION.

THERE IS ENOUGH OF THESE FACTORS THAT ARE PLAYING INTO THIS.

AND IT RAISES THE QUESTION OF WHAT RESPONSIBILITIES ARE THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S AND WHAT RESOURCES-- I THINK, IN TERMS OF THE CYBER ATTACKS FROM INTERNATIONAL, YOU FLOW, ATTEMPTS FROM OUTSIDE THE COUNTRY, I DO THINK THAT MANY OF THE SMALL #ER MUNICIPALITIES-- SMALLER MUNICIPALITIES ARE GOING TO BE OUTGUNNED.

>> I SEE.

NOW WE ARE GOING TO SHIFT FROM CYBER ATTACKS TO TALKING ABOUT THE FACT THAT WESTERN STATES ARE FACING A SEVERE WATER CRISIS.

IT AFFECTS THE DRINKING WATER AND POWER OF ROUGHLY 40 MILLION AMERICANS.

SCIENTISTS HAVE PIN POINTED A NUMBER OF REASONS WHY THE COLORADO RIVER IS DRYING UP.

BUT POLICYMAKERS ARE STRUGGLING TO DEVISE A SOLUTION.

SO, LET'S START WITH THE QUESTION OF WHY, RICK.

J IS THIS HAPPENING AND WHAT CAN BE DONE ABOUT IT.

START WITH THE WHY.

>> SUPPLY AND DEMAND.

THE DEMAND FOR WATER IS OUTSTRIPPING THE SUPPLY BY A LOT.

THE SOLUTIONS CONCEPTUALLY ARE VERY EASY.

REDUCE THE DEMAND FOR WATER AND WE ARE TRYING TO DO THAT WITH WASTE WATER RECYCLING, TRYING TO DO-- THAT'S ACTUALLY SUPPLY SIDE.

I'M SORRY.

THE SUPPLY SIDE TRYING TO INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF AVAILABLE WATER THROUGH RECYCLING, THROUGH DESALINIZATION; TO BE MORE EFFICIENT AT COLLECTING WATER AND THE DEMAND SIDE.

CONSERVATION BUT THE PROBLEM IS 80% OF THE WATER IS USED BY AGRICULTURE.

SO THE QUESTION IS GOING TO BE WHO IS GOING TO BEAR THE BURDEN OF EITHER TRYING TO INCREASE THE SUPPLY OR DECREASE THE DEMAND?

AND THAT'S A POLITICALLY SENSITIVE ISSUE.

>> SO, LUKE, THE ECONOMIST SAYS IT'S ABOUT SUPPLY AND DEMAND.

BUT-- >> OF COURSE.

[LAUGHTER] >> BUT CLIMATE ADVOCATES SAY THAT THAT'S PLAYING A ROLE HERE AS WELL, THAT YOU HAVE HIGHER EVAPORATION, THAT THERE IS A DROUGHT, THAT THERE IS ALSO THE SLINKING SHRINKING SNOWFALL.

SO WHERE DO YOU COME DOWN AS A SCIENTIST WHO LOOKS AT THIS ALL THE TIME?

I'M KIDDING.

>> THERE IS SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM.

THE SHORT-TERM IS CLIMATE CHANGE HAS HAD A DEVASTATING IMPACT.

IT HITS US HERE IN DIFFERENT WAYS THAN OUT WEST WHERE I HAVE LIVED.

I HAVE LIVED IN COLORADO, UTAH, NEBRASKA.

WATER RIGHTS ARE HUGE.

IT'S SUPER DRY.

IT MADE SOME SENSE HUNDREDS OF YEARS AGO TO SET UP AGRICULTURAL AND RANCHING THROUGHOUT THE MOST DRY AREA OF THE COUNTRY.

SO HERE WE ARE WITH THESE APPROXIMATE CHANGES MAKING THE WHOLE WAY OF LIFE FOR MILLIONS OF PEOPLE INCREDIBLY DIFFICULT.

THIS YEAR IN COLORADO THEY HAD TO CLOSE THE SNOW RESORTS EARLY BECAUSE THERE WAS NO SNOW.

THAT MEANS THERE IS NOT ENOUGH MELT AND RUNOFF INTO THE COLORADO RIVER AND HERE WE ARE.

SO IMMENSE LOGISTICAL CHALLENGES.

THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR HAS TO SORT THIS WITHOUT WITH THE SEVEN STATES AND I THINK THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IS GOING TO DROP THE HAMMER AND MAKE ALL OF THE STATES TAKE A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF CUTS ALL MORE THAN THEY WANT.

>> URBAN PLANNING IS WHERE IT IS.

THE HORSE IS OUT OF THE BARN SO TO SPEAK.

JENNY, WHAT ABOUT THE FACT THAT YOU HAVE A SITUATION IN SOME OF THE STATES WHERE NEIGHBORS ARE REPORTING ON OTHER NEIGHBORS BECAUSE THEY'RE USING MORE WATER THAN HAS BEEN ALLOCATED.

IS THE SOLUTION POTENTIALLY WORSE THAN THE PROBLEM WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT THE SORT OF CIVIC IMPACTS?

>> RIGHT, RIGHT, RIGHT.

NO, IT'S INTERESTING CHALLENGE WHEN YOU HAVE NEIGHBORS COMPLAINING ABOUT WHAT THEIR NEIGHBOR IS DOING WITH WATERING LAWNS AND THINGS LIKE THAT.

FOR ME, IT'S THE LARGEST SYSTEMIC.

RATHER THAN INDIVIDUALS BLAMING EACH OTHER, THIS IS A FAILURE OF INSTITUTIONS.

THIS IS A FAILURE OF THE STATES AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO ADDRESS AN ISSUE THAT HAS BEEN KNOWN FOR 40 YEARS.

SO THIS HAS BEEN A KICKING THE PROBLEM DOWN THE ROAD BECAUSE IT IS REALLY CHALLENGING.

AGRICULTURE, BECAUSE IT IS SUCH AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE ECONOMICS, BUT ALSO THAT'S WHAT OUR FOOD BASKET.

CALIFORNIA IS ESSENTIAL AND PART OF THE CHALLENGE HERE.

SO IF YOU GO BACK TO THE DEMAND AND SUPPLY SIDE ISSUES AND INCREASE THE COST OF WATER, THAT THAT, IN TURN WILL INCREASE THE COST OF FOOD, AND THEREIN LIES THE PROBLEM.

>> YEAH, AND YOU COULD ALSO SORT OF, YOU KNOW, IF YOU SAY TO FORMERS DON'T PRODUCE AS MUCH, THAT'S GOING TO AFFECT FOOD PRICES.

BEN, AT PROBABLY THE WORST TIME EVER, RIGHT?

>> ABSOLUTELY.

IT'S NOT JUST FOOD.

FOOD IS A BIG DEAL.

WATER IS OBVIOUSLY A BIG DEAL BUT ALSO POWER.

IT IS GETTING TO THE POINT WHERE THERE IS NOT EVEN ENOUGH WATER TO GO THROUGH THE ENERGY PLANTS THAT USING THAT WATER.

CLIMATE CHANGE IS AN AGGRAVATING FACTOR BUT I THINK THE OVERUSE, THE GROWTH IN THESE SCENARIOS, WHERE, YOU KNOW, ARIZONA AND PLACES WHERE THERE ARE SEVEN STATES THAT RELY ON THIS BODY OF WATER.

>> GO AHEAD.

>> I WAS JUST GOING TO SAY PHOENIX HAS HAD TO HALT DEVELOPMENT IN THE SUBURBS BECAUSE THERE IS NOT ENOUGH WATER.

YOU MENTIONED FARM SUBSIDIES.

WE ARE GOING TO PAY FARMERS TO KEEP THEIR LAND DRY ON ONE HAND I UNDERSTAND AND THE OTHER HAND IS HORRIBLE POLICY.

SO THEY'RE NOT GREAT SOLUTIONS.

>> AND DATA CENTERS.

DATA CENTERS ARE GROWING SPECTACULARLY.

THERE IS 86 NEW PLANNED DATA CENTERS FOR THE PHOENIX AREA ALONE.

WHICH JUST LITERALLY DOESN'T MAKE SENSE.

DATA CENTERS USE A LOT OF WATER BECAUSE WATER IS WHAT HELPS COOL THESE CHIPS THAT ARE USED FOR US WHEN WE ASK CHATGPT WHAT WE ARE GOING TO HAVE FOR DINNER TONIGHT AGAIN GOING BACK TO PLANNING AND ZONING AND REALLY LONG-TERM CONSIDERATIONS FOR NOT JUST THE COMMUNITIES BUT THE ENVIRONMENT AND I DON'T KNOW.

IT ALL SEEMS KIND OF BONKERS TO ME.

>> DATA CENTERS TAKE UP LITERALLY THOUSANDS AND THOUSANDS OF GALLONS OF WATER PER DAY.

SO WHO IS GOING TO HAVE THE SORT OF POLITICAL WILL TO DO SOMETHING HERE?

YOU LAUGH, RICK.

IS ANYONE GOING TO... >> AS JENNY SAID FOR 40 YEARS WE HAVE KNOWN THAT AND NO ONE HAS BEEN WILLING TO DO THAT AND AS I MENTIONED THERE IS NO EASY SOLUTION UNLESS WE HAVE A LOT OF RAINFALL IN THAT AREA FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME.

AND NOT TOO HEAVY RAINFALL BECAUSE IT RUNS OFF IF NOT.

SO THE POINT IS, I THINK THERE IS A RECKONING COMING.

I THINK PART OF IT, A LARGE PART IS GOING TO HAVE TO BE IN AGRICULTURE.

WE CAN'T AFFORD TO GROW ALMONDS AND ALPHA FA IN THAT AREA ALFALFA.

>> HERE IS WHAT WE CAN SAY 679 THE INTERIOR SECRETARY DOUG BURGUM HAS MET WITH THE SEVEN STATES AFFECTED SO THIS COULD BE AN AREA THAT WE SEE SOMETHING ACTUALLY DONE.

NOW WE WILL GO TO THE GRADE BOOKS AND START WITH OUR FS.

JENNY, PLEASE GET US STARTED.

>> MY F GOES TO MADISON COUNTY SHERIFF TODD HOOD RUNNING FOR THE REPUBLICAN PARTY'S NOMINEE FOR LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR.

HE SEEMS TO THINK HE IS ABOVE NEW YORK STATE LAW WHEN HE RECENTLY DECLARED HE WILL CONTINUE TO COOPERATE WITH ICE IN DEFIANCE OF GOVERNOR HOCHUL'S LOCAL BAN.

WEARY RODING AS A CIVIL SOCIETY WHEN OUR ELECTED OFFICIALS WON'T FOLLOW THE RULES OF LAW.

IT'S A REMARKABLE BACKSLIDE I NEVER THOUGHT I WOULD SEE IN THIS LIFETIME.

>> LUKE.

>> MY F GOES TO DEVASTATING ATTACKS IN UKRAINE THIS WEEK AFTER THEY ESSENTIALLY RAN OUT OF ANTI-BLIST I GO MISSILES.

THE IRAN WAR HAS DELETED AMERICA'S SUPPLY.

PRESIDENT TRUMP SAID WE WOULD GIVE THEM THE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND NOW HAS LATER SAID THAT THEY WILL HAVE TO PAY FOR IT.

THIS IS A DIRE MOMENT FOR UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE.

>> RICK.

>> MY F GOES TO TREASURY SECRETARY SCOTT BESSANT FOR DECLARING THE K ECONOMY IS DEAD.

THAT'S WHERE THE RICH GET RICHER AND POOR GET POORER.

WITH ELON MUSK BEING THE FIRST TRILLION AIR AND DONALD TRUMP EARNING OVER $2 BILLION THIS YEAR AND THE EXTENSION OF TAX CUTS FOR THE WEALTHY, HOW CAN HE SAY THAT HE, WORDS HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS SAYING THAT INCOMING-- INCOME INEQUALITY IS NO LONGER A PROBLEM.

>> MPD, POLICE DEPARTMENTS DATA CONTROL HAS BEEN MISSING IN ACTION.

SINCE 2013 SHUTTING DOWN THE CRIME REPORT UNIT, LACKED SAFEGUARDS IN PLACE WHERE PEOPLE COULD CHANGE THE CRIME THAT WAS REPORTED AND OUTDATED POLICIES.

THIS FINDING WAS NOT OF INTENTIONAL FRAUD BUT IT IS A SYSTEM THAT COULD NOT RELIABLY GUARANTEE ACCURATE CRIME DATA.

>> OKAY, AND, OF COURSE, WE HAVE TO LEAVE WITH YOU SOME GOOD NEWS.

AND SO WE ARE GOING TO SHIFT NOW ON OUR AS STARTING AGAIN WITH JENNY.

>> OKAY, SO IT WAS A TOUGH WEEK.

MY A GOES TO JIMOTHY THE RACCOON.

HE HAS A DEFORMED SPINE AND IS UNNATURALLY ROUND.

THE RACCOON WAS DISCOVERED BY A AREN'T IN SEATTLE WHO NOTICED AN ODDLY SHAPED CREATURE RUN AGO CROSS THE NEIGHBORHOOD.

HE SEEMS TO BE THRIVING AND MOSTLY HAS BROUGHT JOY AND AWE AT A TIME WHEN SUCH IS SORELY NEEDED.

>> LUKE.

>> MY A GOES TO THE UTICA POLICE DEPARTMENT.

THIS SUMMER THEY HAVE BEEN CONDUCTING POP-UP BARBECUES AT LOCAL POOLS IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE CITY'S YOUTH BUREAU AND STATE VIOLENCE PREVENTION PROGRAMS.

I THINK THIS COMMUNITY OUTREACH HAS BEEN BENEFICIAL PARTICULARLY AS THE RESIDENCY REQUIREMENT FOR OFFICERS HAS RECENTLY BEEN SUSPENDED.

>> RICK.

>> MY A GOES TO THE RETURN OF TED LASSO.

THE WIDELY SUCCESSFUL COMEDY DRAMA ABOUT AN AMERICAN FOOTBALL COACH HIRED TO LEAD A BRITISH SOCCER TEAM RETURNED FOR A FOURTH SEASON.

TED LASSO'S UNCONVERSATION COACHING STYLE INCLUDES EMPATHY, EMOTIONAL VUCIALT AND DEVELOPING A NURTURING AND COLLABORATIVE ENVIRONMENT.

THINGS WE NEED TO HEAR MORE ABOUT.

>> BEN.

>> THE MAYO CLINIC EARNS AN A THIS WEEK FOR PUTTING THERAPY DOGS INTO STROKE CARE.

THIS APPROACH HAS HELPED COMMON BARRIERS WITH ACRESSING COMPANIONSHIP-- ADDRESSING COMPANIONSHIP AND PROVIDING PURPOSE TO MOVE MORE AND LONGER WHICH HAS LED THE PARTICIPANTS OF THOSE INVOLVED WITH THAT TO HEAL QUICKER.

>> THANK YOU.

LUKE, COULD I GO BACK TO YOUR F IF THAT'S OKAY AND TALKING ABOUT THE DEPLETION OF UKRAINE MISSILES, ONE OF THE HOT TOPICS DISCUSSED THIS WEEK IS THE MISSILE CRISIS IN OUR OWN COUNTRY.

HOW DO YOU THINK THAT MIGHT FIGURE INTO WHAT IS HAPPENING IN UKRAINE?

>> I THINK IT'S CREATING A RELUCTANT-- RELUCTANCE FOR AMERICANS TO SUPPLY UKRAINE WITH THE MILLION DOLLARSS THEY NEED.

IT'S REALLY DESTRUCTIVE UNFORTUNATELY.

>> IT'S INTERESTING BECAUSE IT SEEMS THAT UKRAINE IS GOOD WITH DRONES, RIGHT, BUT NOT SO MUCH WITH THE MISSILES.

AND WE ARE NOT DOING TOO WELL ON EITHER END.

AND JUST QUICKLY BECAUSE WE HAVE TIME, BEN, I WANT TO GO BACK TO YOUR NOTE ABOUT THE DATA CRIME REPORTS.

THAT'S A BIG DEAL.

>> IT'S A HUGE DEAL.

AND IT LENDS SOME ISSUES TO WHAT WE HAVE SEEN THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.

>> WELSHING THAT'S A WRAP FOR US IN THE STUDIO.

BEFORE WE GO, OUR THANKS TO SEVERAL OF YOU WHO WROTE IN, STARTING WITH PETER WHO CALLED ATTENTION TO THE THOUSANDS OF INNOCENT VICTIMS IN IRAN.

CAROL, SHARED THAT SHE ENJOYED LAST WEEK'S SHOW AND TO JUDY WHO HAS RETURNED TO "IVORY TOWER" AND WASHINGTON WEEK AFTER TAKING A BREAK.

JUDY, WELCOME BACK.

WE WOULD LOVE TO HEAR FROM THE REST OF YOU.

PLEASE WRITE TO THE ADDRESS ON YOUR SCREEN F. YOU WANT TO WATCH THE SHOW AGAIN OR SHARE IT WITH SOMEONE ELSE, GO TO WCNY.ORG.

I'M NINA MOORE.

FOR ALL OF US AT "IVORY TOWER," HAVE A GREAT NIGHT.

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