>> AND NOW, AN ARIZONA PBS ORIGINAL PRODUCTION.

>> COULD A DAY BE COMING WHEN SCIENCE LETS US REGENERATE OUR BODIES?

SEE WHAT THE ANSWER STARTS WITH FRUIT FLIES.

WE COUNT ON NURSES TO BE COMPETENT AND COMPASSIONATE CARE GIVERS.

WITH THAT COMES BURNOUT.

NEW WAYS TO KEEP THEM FROM BEING OVERWHELMED.

>> AND A LIBRARY, EACH ONE WITH A FASCINATING STORY TO TELL.

>> NEXT ON CATALYST.

>> SUPPORTED BY DEVELOPMENT AT ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, ADVANCING ENTREPRENEURSHIP, INNOVATION, DISCOVERY AND KNOWLEDGE FOR THE PUBLIC GOOD.

>> LIFE HAS PROBLEMS.

SCIENCE TURNS THEM INTO QUESTIONS THAT CAN LEAD TO SOLUTIONS AND EVEN INNOVATIONS.

THIS IS "CATALYST."

SHAPING THE FUTURE THROUGH SCIENCE RESEARCH AT ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY.

>> NURSES ARE ON THE FRONT LINE OF YOUR MEDICAL CARE, USUALLY THE FIRST PERSON ATTENDING TO YOU ON A VISIT TO THE DOCTOR, IN THE EMERGENCY ROOM AND OPERATING ROOM.

THEY ARE THE ONES GIVE DAY BY DAYCARE AS YOU RECOVER FROM CHILD BIRTH, INJURY OR SURGERY.

OFTEN THEY ARE SO BUSY CARING FOR US, THEY BEGIN TO SUFFER FROM BURNOUT AND FATIGUE.

>> I WOULD SAY IT TOOK ABOUT THREE YEARS TO NOT FEEL BURNT OUT AFTER A SHIFT.

>> ANNIE IS A REGISTERED NURSE.

SHE'S WORKED WITH KIDNEY, AND TRANSPLANT PATIENTS AT THE MEDICAL CENTER IN DOWNTOWN PHOENIX.

>> EVEN GOOD DAYS, ON YOUR FEET 12 HOURS A DAY, CONSTANT INTERACTION AND NO TIME FOR YOURSELF, IT'S EASY TO BURN OUT.

>> NURSES WITH HEAVY WORKLOADS HAVE A HIGH RISK OF COMPASSION FATIGUE.

>> COMPASSION FATIGUE IS THE EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL EXHAUSTION NURSES FEEL DOING THEIR WORK COUPLED WITH THE TRAUMATIC EVENTS THEY PICK UP FROM PATIENTS.

>> LESLIE KELLY IS A FORMER NURSE, EXPERT ON COMPASSION FATIGUE.

>> HEALTHCARE WORKERS ARE AT RISK BECAUSE THEY PICK UP CONSEQUENCES OF WHAT THE PATIENT RECEIVES AFTER A TRAUMATIC EVENT.

>> YOUNG NURSES ARE AT A HIGHER RISK FOR COMPASSION FATIGUE.

ONE IN FIVE QUIT THEIR FIRST YEAR.

>> IT'S A DIFFICULT UNIT TO WORK ON.

YOU LEARN A LOT FAST, BUT YOU CAN BURN OUT FAST ALSO.

>> COMPASSION FATIGUE IS AN EXPENSIVE PROBLEM FOR HOSPITALS AND THEIR PATIENTS.

THE TURNOVER COSTS 40 TO $60,000.

SOME OF THE COSTS GO INTO THE TRAINING, PRECEPTING OF HAVING A NEW NURSE COME IN, TAKING TIME TO LEARN THEIR POSITION AND LEAVING WITHIN A YEAR OR TWO.

>> IT'S SOMETHING WE LOOK FOR SIGNS.

>> NURSING MANAGERS LIKE UN MACE HELP MONITOR FOR SIGNS OF COMPASSION FATIGUE.

>> IF THEY HAVE HAD SOMETHING SIGNIFICANT HAPPEN, WE WANT TO RALLY AROUND AND PROVIDE SUPPORT TO THEM.

THEY MAY BE OKAY IN THE MOMENT, BUT WHEN THEY GO HOME, THEY'LL FEEL THE STRESS AND FALLOUT FROM THE SITUATION.

>> SOMETIMES THEY THINK IF I TAKE THE 30 MINUTE BREAK, IT WILL PUT ME BEHIND.

I DON'T WANT TO BE BEHIND.

IT'S IMPORTANT FOR YOU TO TAKE THE BREAK FOR YOURSELF.

>> NURSING EXPERTS THINK HIGH RATES OF BURNOUT ARE NOT A GENERATIONAL TRAIT OF MILLENNIALS, BUT THE CONSEQUENCE OF SICKER PATIENT THAN IN THE PAST.

>> THEY ARE COMING INTO A WORK ENVIRONMENT MORE TURBULENT THAN OTHERS.

>> THERE ARE METHODS TO TRY TO MEASURE PATIENT ACUTETY IS THE WORD WE USE TO HELP MANAGEMENT AND STAFFING PROVIDE APPROPRIATE STAFF FOR A UNIT.

NO MATTER HOW COMPLEX THEY GET, IT'S ONE NURSE TO FOUR PATIENTS ON OUR UNIT WHICH SOMETIMES SEEMS OUTRAGEOUS.

>> THE PATIENTS WE ARE SEEING ARE NURSES OUT OF SCHOOL, SICKER THAN PROBABLY HAVE BEEN SEEN OVER THE PAST 10 OR 20 YEARS.

>> PATIENTS DON'T STAY AS LONG DURING THEIR STAY.

THE TECHNOLOGY, ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD IS COMPLEX.

TECHNOLOGY IS GREATER THAN EVER AND NURSES NEED TO BE HEALTHCARE SCERT.

>> AFTER CONDUCTING SURVEYS OF HOSPITALS ACROSS THE COUNTRY, KELLY CONCLUDED THAT THERE IS AN ORGANIZATION.

>> YOU ARE MORE LIKELY TO FEEL HONORED FOR THE CONTRIBUTION.

WE LOOK AT THE DAISY RECOGNITION PROGRAM A SYSTEMIC WAY TO HONOR NURSES AND SAY THANK YOU FOR THE WORK THEY DO.

>> WHEN YOU GET YOUR FIRST DAISY, IT COMES AS A SINGLE FLOWER.

I REMEMBER THE DAY I GOT IT, THE PATIENT IT WAS FROM.

I REMEMBER EVERY DAY I WORKED WITH HIM.

>> THE FOUNDERS WERE HONORED BY THE NURSING CARE PROVIDED TO THEIR SON.

THEY CREATED THE PROGRAM THAT SPREAD WORLDWIDE.

>> I RECEIVED MY FIRST DAISY AWARD IN THE FIRST YEAR OF NURSING.

THAT WAS A DIFFICULT TIME FOR ME PERSONALLY.

I STRUGGLED WITH MY CONFIDENCE.

I GOT MY FIRST DAISY AWARD.

IT FELT SO GOOD.

I REMEMBER EVERYTHING ABOUT IT.

THE PATIENT'S AND THEIR FAMILY.

IT WAS WRITTEN BY THE FAMILY MEMBER.

>> THEY CAN BE NOMINATED BYANYONE, PATIENTS, COWORKERS, STAFF.

>> WE HAVE PLACES ALL OVER THE HOSPITAL WHERE PATIENTS AND FAMILIES CAN PICK UP A FORM ON NURSING UNITS AVAILABLE.

IT CAN BE DONE ELECTRONICALLY THROUGH THE SYSTEM.

>> GATS DAISY NOMINATION HIGHLIGHTED HER SKILLS OF COMMUNICATION.

>> I THINK THEY WERE BURNING OUT ON THE CARE FOR THE PATIENT.

HE WAS IN THE HOSPITAL SO LONG.

WHEN I WENT IN THE ROOM, HE HAD THE ATTITUDE LIKE, I'M NOT GOING TO LISTEN FROM THE START.

I SAT WITH HIM BEFORE STARTING HIS CARE.

I TOLD HIM WHAT WE WOULD DO BEFORE WE WOULD DO ANYTHING.

ONE OF THE DRAINS STARTED LEAKING.

THIS CAN BE AN ORDEAL TO GET THEM FUNCTIONING PROPERLY AGAIN.

IT CAN TAKE DAYS SOMETIMES.

HE WAS LIKE, MY WIFE HAS BEEN DOING IT FOR YEARS.

IF YOU TALK TO HER ON THE PHONE, SHE CAN TALK YOU THROUGH EVERY STEP.

I WAS LIKE, GREAT.

BUT HE WAS RIGHT.

I LISTENED TO HER AND I DID WHAT SHE SAID AND IT LASTED A WEEK AND THAT'S WHAT HE WROTE MY DAISY AWARD FOR.

>> THOSE NOMINATED FOR A DAISYAWARD ARE LESS LIKELY TO HAVE BURNOUT.

YOU DID THE RIGHT THING LISTENING TO YOUR GUT AND TO THE PATIENT AND TAKING THE EXTRA TIME TO SPEND WITH HIM GAVE HIM NOT ONLY A BETTER DAY BUT A BETTER WEEK THAT HE DIDN'T FORGET WHEN HE WENT HOME.

>> COMPASSION IS GREAT IN HEALTHCARE.

WE HAVE PEOPLE THAT COME TO US IN A VULNERABLE STATE.

THEY COME TO US, AND THEY DEPEND UPON NURSES BECAUSE THEY ARE SO TRUSTED BETWEEN THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PATIENT AND NURSE.

>> ON THE OTHER HAND, THE STEREOTYPE OF AN EMOTIONALLY STRONG NURSE COULD BE COUNTERPRODUCTIVE.

>> TO A CERTAIN EXTENT, HOW HARDY DO WE WANT TO BE IN HARDINESS IS GOOD, BUT NURSES EXPERIENCE A LOT OF THINGS.

WE WANT THEM TO BE RESILIENT.

WE ALSO WANT THEM TO BE A CARING AND COMPASSIONATE PROFESSION.

SOMEWHERE IN BETWEEN THERE, WE NEED TO WORK OUT WHERE THE RIGHT SPOT IS TAKING CARE OF OURSELVES AND PROTECTING AGAINST THE CONSEQUENCES OF THOSE THINGS THAT MAKE US HEARTY, MAKE US RESILIENT, STILL BEING IN OUR PROFESSION TO CARE FOR OTHERS IN A COMPASSIONATE WAY.

>> WHEN WE GET A CUT IN OUR SKIN, WITH THE RIGHT CARE, IT HEALS.

WHEN SOMEONE SUFFERS THE LOSS OF A FINGER OR LIMB, THEY LOSE IT FOR LIFE.

THERE ARE FEW RARE CREATURES THAT REGROW THEIR BODIES.

LIZARDS CAN REGROW THEIR TAILS?

WHY DOES THE BODY NOT HAVE THE CAPABILITY OF REGENERATING?

>> SCIENTISTS ARE GETTING CLOSE TO THAT ANSWER INSIDE THESE TEST TUBES IN THE HARRIS LAB.

>> I'M ROBIN HARRIS.

I'M AN ASSISTANT AT THE UNIVERSITY.

>> HE'S THE LEAD RESEARCHER TRACKING DOWN THE ANSWER TO TISSUE REGENERATION.

>> THE ABILITY OF TISSUES AND ORGANS TO RECOVER FROM DAMAGE.

ORGANISMS HAVE THE ABILITY TO REGENERATE.

IT CAN BE DIFFERENT FROM DIFFERENT ORGANISMS.

I'M INTERESTED IN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TISSUES AND ORGANS WITH THE ABILITY V. THOSE THAT DON'T.

>> RIGHT NOW 2,000,000 AMERICANS, ALSO AMPUTEES ARE INTERESTED IN REGENERATION.

>> JAN MCCARTHY IS ONE OF THEM.

I WAS IN EXTREME PAIN SO AFTER MY FOOT WAS AMPUTATED IT WASN'T A BIG DEAL TO ME BECAUSE I WAS IN MAIN.

SIX YEARS LATER, DOCTORS HAVE HAD TO REMOVE THE TIP OF HER FINGERS.

>> THAT'S MORE BOTHERSOME.

IF IT GOES FURTHER, I'M AFRAID I CAN'T DO THE HAIR I HAVE DONE 40 YEARS OF MY LIFE.

I CAN'T PICK PENNIES UP, IT'S VERY DIFFICULT PICKS UP A PENCIL OFF OF THE GROUND.

I CAN STILL DO MY HAIR THING, BUT LIFE IS MORE DIFFICULT LOSING PARTS OF YOUR FINGERS THAN PARTS OF YOUR LEG.

THE TIPS OF YOUR FINGERS, YOU WOULD BE SURPRISED HOW MUCH IT AFFECTS YOUR LIFE LOSING THE TIPS OF HER FINGERS.

>> WHAT IF THE DAMAGED TISSUE COULD REGENERATE NEW CELLS?

>> LIZARDS REGENERATE TAILS, BUT THAT'S DIFFERENT FROM A FULLY GROWN ADULT ORGANISM.

THE TISSUE IS DEVELOPING.

IT'S AN ORGANISM WITH A PLASTIC IDENTITY, FLEXIBILITY IN TERMS OF WHAT IT WILL BE AND THIS BECOMES DETERMINED AS THE ORGANISM GETS OLDER.

>> THE ORGANS, HARRIS SAYS, ARE BEST FOUND IN FRUIT FLIES.

>> THE ADULT THAT YOU SEE FLYING AROUND CAN'T REGENERATE.

IF YOU PULL OFF A WING, IT WON'T GROW BACK.

>> WHY BOTHER TO STUDY CELL GROWTH IN FRUIT FLIES?

>> THEY ARE EASY TO KEEP IN A LAB, EASY TO WORK WITH.

THEY HAVE A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF GENES IN COMMON WITH PEOPLE AS WELL, THE MOST IMPORTANT THING.

WE ARE NOT JUST TRYING TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO REGENERATE FRUIT FLY TISSUE.

WE WANT TO REGENERATE CELLS USING THE INFORMATION.

A LOT OF DISCOVERIES YOU MAKE ENABLES YOU TO DEVELOP DRUGS AND TECHNIQUES TO HELP PEOPLE THAT START IN LABS AND WORK ON ORGANISMS LIKE FRUIT FLY RESEARCH, EVEN MICE AND RATS.

>> UNLIKE MICE AND RATS, RESEARCH ON LAVA TISSUE BEFORE A FLY IS AN ADULT, HAS AMAZING POTENTIAL.

>> THESE ARE PRECURSORS TO ADULT STRUCTURES.

WE CAN INDUCE DAMAGE AND USE THINGS LIKE RADIATION OR A GENETIC APPROACH SO WE INDUCE DAMAGE IN THE TISSUES USING A SIMPLE TEMPERATURE SHIFT.

WE CONTROL THAT EASILY.

THAT MAKES IT QUICK AND SIMPLE TO DAMAGE TISSUES, ALLOW THEM TO REGENERATE AND SEE WHAT IS INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS.

>> THE FRUIT FLY LARVA CAN GROW BACK MULTIPLE DEVELOPING ORGANS IF DAMAGED.

>> WE HAVE CONTROL OVER THE EXPRESSION OF THE GENES IN THE FRUIT FLIES.

WE HAVE THE AMAZING ABILITY TO SWITCH ON OR OFF GENES IN VARIOUS TISSUES.

WE CAN SWITCH ON OR OFF AND THAT ALLOWS US TO UNDERSTAND IF THE GENE IS IMPORTANT OR NOT.

>> ARMED WITH THAT FLEXIBILITY, HARRIS SAYS THEY ARE CLOSER TO ORGANIZING GENES THAT CAN REGENERATE A TAIL OR WING AND CAN DO THE SAME IN HUMANS.

>> IN THE LIZARD AND FRUIT FLY, THEY ARE REUSING GENES THEY HAVE USED TO REGENERATE THE STRUCTURE.

IF YOU CUT IT OFF, WHY CAN'T YOU DEVELOP IT AGAIN?

>> AT 54, SHE'S BEEN FOLLOWING LIMB REGENERATION FOR MORE THAN A DECADE, BUT IS SKEPTICAL IT WILL EVER HELP HER.

>> I HAVE HEARD ABOUT THIS TRANSPIRING.

IT WOULD BE EXCITING IF IT HAPPENED IN MY LIFETIME.

SEEMS A WAYS OFF.

>> BUT HARRIS SAYS RESEARCH IS MOVING FASTER THAN EVER BEFORE.

THE LIZARD'S TAIL, THOUGH IT REGENERATES IN EIGHT WEEKS, THE FRUIT FLY LARVA REGENERATES IN DAYS.

>> WE USE FRUIT FLIES, ASIDE FROM THE FACT THAT WE HAVE SUCH AMAZING TOOLS THAT WE HAVE DEVELOPED THE TECHNIQUES TO MANIPULATE THE GENE EXPRESSION IS THAT THEY ARE QUICK TO DEVELOP AND THEY ARE AMENABLE TO LAB RESEARCH VERSUS OTHER MODELS THAT TAKE TIME TO DEVELOP.

THAT IS PROMISING NEWS TO MCCARTHY.

>> IT WOULD BE FABULOUS TO GO BACK TO FOUR YEARS AGO TO USE THE KEYBOARD.

HOLD THE PENCIL AND PEN, DO CALLIGRAPHY WITHOUT THINKING ABOUT IT.

>> WITH PROPER FUNDING FOR TISSUE REGENERATION, HARRIS SEES IT GOING BEYOND LIMBS TO ANY CELL IN THE BODY.

BEFORE WE WERE LOOKING AT GENES AND WHAT THEY ARE DOING.

HOPEFULLY IN THE FUTURE, WE'LL LOOK AT WHAT ARE ALL OF THE GENES CHANGING?

WHAT IS THE REGENERATING PROGRAM?

>> GIVING THE TINIEST CREATURES REDEMPTION AND MILLIONS OF AMERICANS A CHANCE TO HEAL.

>> THE MAJORITY OF THE WORLD'S FOOD SUPPLY COMES FROM 12 KINDS OF PLANTS ACCORDING TO THE UNITED NATION FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION.

FEEDING A POPULATION OF 7 BILLION PEOPLE DEPENDS ON THE SURVIVAL OF THE SPECIES.

A WAR OR NATURAL DISASTER OR CLIMATE CHANGE COULD WIPE OUT AGRICULTURE.

BUT NEAR THE NORTH POLE, THEY ARE STORING SEEDS.

THE SEED VAULT HOLDS MILLIONS OF SEEDS THAT SOMEDAY, IN AN EMERGENCY, COULD BRING BACK THE CORE FOOD PRODUCT OF THE ENTIRE REGION.

THOUSANDS OF MILES AWAY IN THE ARIZONA DESERT, A SMALLER SEED PROJECT IS UNDER WAY ON THE TEMPE CAMPUS.

A SCIENCE LIBRARIAN HAS STARTED A SEED COLLECTION OF HER OWN.

>> I HAVE OVER 30 VARIETIES OF SEEDS AVAILABLE TO FACULTY AND STAFF HERE AT ASU.

THE BIG PICTURE IS THE IDEA THAT PEOPLE WILL GROW THEM AND BRING SOME BACK.

THEY ARE FASCINATING.

THERE'S NEW LIFE IN THERE.

YOU HAVE A LIBRARY BECAUSE YOU WANT TO SHARE.

YOU WANT PEOPLE TO COME AND EDUCATE THEMSELVES.

THE SEED LIBRARY IS LIKE THAT.

I WANT PEOPLE TO ENJOY THEM AND BE EDUCATED ABOUT THEIR FOOD.

STUDENTS AND FACULTY HAVE PLANTED IN THE GARDEN.

SUSAN NORTON SAYS THIS IS A WAY TO LEARN.

>> HAVING AN OPPORTUNITY LIKE THIS IS SO IMPORTANT, ESPECIALLY THE WORLD WE LIVE IN TODAY, IT'S A HANDS ON EXAMPLE OF FOOD SYSTEMS AND GIVES, AGAIN, THE REAL EXAMPLE OF WHAT IT MEANS TO GROW AN ORGANIC GARDEN IN THE DESERT OR REALLY ANYWHERE.

THIS HELPS CONNECT STUDENTS TO WHERE FOOD COMES FROM, AND TO THEIR FOOD.

IF THEY UNDERSTAND SOIL ISSUES AND WATER ISSUES AND WHAT IT TAKES TO GROW A HEAD OF LETTUCE IN OUR CLIMATE, I THINK IT GIVES THEM A BROADER VIEW OF WHAT'S HAPPENING IN THE WORLD.

>> THAT'S A TREND THAT TIES INTO WORK BEING DONE BY CHRISTOPHER WHARTON, AND THE DIRECTOR OF ASU FOOD SYSTEM TRANSFER INITIATIVE.

HIS RESEARCH ON COMMUNITY SUPPORTED AGRICULTURE EXPLAINS WHY THE FOOD LENDING SYSTEM IN COMMUNITY GARDENS MATTERS.

>> TO THE EXTENT IT CAN BE LINKED TO HEALTHY FOOD AND IMPROVING LIVELIHOOD FOR FARMERS.

I WAS CURIOUS FOR PEOPLE'S INVOLVEMENT.

PEOPLE FROM ACROSS THE SOCIAL ECONOMIC SPECTRUM PARTICIPATE IN THESE SPECTRUMS FOR A HOST OF REASONS.

THEY ARE INTERESTED IN HEALTH, CONNECTION TO COMMUNITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY.

GETTING BACK TO SEEDS, THIS IS A WAY TO CONNECT PEOPLE TO THE FOOD AND CULTURAL BASIS OF THE LAND IN WHICH THEY LIVE.

>> IT'S NOT JUST A SEED LIBRARY.

SEEDS ARE IMPORTANT.

THEY ARE AND THEY ARE A GLOBAL RESOURCE.

THEY HAVE BEEN THE FOUNDATION OF OUR ABILITY TO STAY IN ONE PLACE, AND THE ABILITY OF US TO FEED SO MANY PEOPLE ON OUR PLANET.

>> I THINK ANY MECHANISM THAT HELPS PEOPLE THINK ABOUT THE FOOD THEY EAT, THE BETTER WE ARE ABLE TO ADDRESS THE LARGE SCALE PROBLEMS OF HEALTH OUTCOMES, AND FOOD WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.

THOSE THINGS HELP PEOPLE UNDERSTAND THE SOURCE OF THE FOOD AND WHERE IT COMES FROM.

YOU ARE GROWING FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, THE LAND AND THE CULTURE OF THE PLACE YOU LIVE, IT'S INTERESTING FROM RESEARCH I DID WITH PARTICIPANTS.

THEY NOTED IT WAS DIFFICULT FOR THEM TO WASTE THE PRODUCE FROM CSA, THEY FELT MORE GUILTY.

OPPOSED TO THE ANONYMOUS BATCH OF CARROTS THEY GOT AT THE GROCERY STORE, THEY FELT GUILTY ABOUT WASTING CARROTS FROM THE CSA.

FOOD THAT WE HARVEST AND PREPARE, MORE WAYS TO FIND VALUE IN IT.

IF YOU GREW TOMATOES AND LET THEM GO TO WASTE AFTER ALL THAT EFFORT, HELPS THEM CARE FOR FOOD AND DUE TO FOOD INSECURITY, FOOD EQUITY, NO SIMPLE SOLUTION TO ALL OF THAT.

EVERY MECHANISM TO HELP PEOPLE EMPLOY, DETERMINE WHAT IT MEANS TO THEM FOR HEALTH AND VALUE, IS VITAL.

>> I'M PROFESSOR VANESSA RUIZ.

WHAT YOU HAVE BEEN SEEING IS "CATALYST" OUR SHOW ABOUT SHAPING THE FUTURE.

HOUR RESEARCH CREATES REAL RESULTS AND BECAUSE OUR LIVES ALWAYS HAVE PROBLEMS THAT SCIENCE CAN HELP TO SOLVE, WE'LL BE BACK SOON WITH MORE STORIES.

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