- [Mister C] What time is it?

- [All] It's Science Time!

♪ Science, Science, Science Time (laughs) ♪ Let's all stop ♪ ♪ And just unwind ♪ ♪ One, two, three, four, here we ♪ Learn so much your brain explo - Oh!

♪ Lessons so cool ♪ ♪ And so fresh ♪ ♪ It's so great, you'll lose you ♪ Learning facts and real cool s ♪ Scream for more, can't get eno ♪ It's, it's Science Time ♪ ♪ It's fun, you best believe it ♪ Explore and learn new things ♪ ♪ Come and join me please ♪ - I'm Mister C, and this super smart group is my Science Crew.

Lyla is our notebook navigator, Alfred is our experiment expert, Rylee is our dynamite demonstrat and London is our research wrang Working with my team is the best It makes learning so much fun.

Actually, you should join us.

Today, we're talking density.

What time is it?

- [All] It's Science Time!

- Whoa.

Oh my gosh.

That was so cool.

Welcome to "DIY Science Time."

I'm Mister C, and I'm so glad yo to be part of our crew today.

(whip snaps) We're talking lava lamps.

This lava lamp uses a heating el to make this globby stuff float up and down.

I bet we could use some science to create our own heatless lava Let's give it a try.

- This lava lamp experiment has me erupting with excitement, and best of all, the materials f are ones you probably already have at your house.

Veggie oil, water, an empty bottle, food coloring, an effervescent tablet, and don't forget, our science no - A science notebook is a tool that every scientist should have and it gives us a place to recor of our learning.

Taking good notes and being organized allows us to be better scientists.

A science notebook allows us to and review all the data and information we've gathered during our experiments.

Plus, it allows us to share resu with other scientists who might be interested in learning more about what we've discovered.

Whenever you see the notebook po up on the screen like this, it's a reminder that this is a g for us to jot down new informati You can see I've already added a and the list of materials for today's activity.

Our crew is still going to have of information to collect and or as we go through the experiment.

So keep your notebook handy.

Most importantly, the more you use the science notebook, the better you'll get at taking notes and recording data.

If you don't have a science note download a copy of Mister C's science notebook from the website.

- In order to build our heatless lava lamp, we need to use something other than a heat source to create the That's why we're going to use this effervescent tablet.

When we place this effervescent tablet in the water, (upbeat music) (tablet fizzing) it starts to fizz.

It's actually a chemical reaction taking place to produce those bubbles.

That's going to be what gives us our bubbles in our heatless lava lamp.

The other thing is, we actually need to mix the oil and the water together.

Oh, wow.

Look at that.

That is so cool.

The oil sits on top of the water I bet that has something to do with density.

Density is measured by how much mass there is in a given volume.

Density equals mass divided by v Water, for example, has a densit of one gram per milliliter, or one gram per cubic centimeter Let's look at these two cubes th up the same amount of space.

We call the amount of space something takes up volume.

Each cube is filled equally with 1000 milliliters of water.

We can now add sugar to each of 10 grams of sugar to cube A, and 100 grams of sugar to cube B As you can see, although both cubes are still taking up the same amount of space, one cube has more mass inside of which means it's more dense.

We measure density by using a scientific tool calle You can see on this scale that t that has more sugar inside is he Now that we know how that works, we can use the idea of density to make a bigger version.

Let's do it.

(upbeat music) That's so cool.

Here's the thing.

We need to add some food colorin so that we can see those bubbles really well.

Wait for it.

It's gonna drop here any second.

Oh, that's awesome.

And now we're gonna take this effervescent tablet, and drop it into this container.

This is our heatless lava lamp.

Are you ready?

Break it in half, so it fits, and three, two, one.

Okay.

We've got some bubbles.

We've got some bubbles.

Oh, they're starting to turn blu (gasps) There they are.

We have our heatless lava lamp.

Oh, that is so awesome.

They're starting to get darker n because the water's mixing up.

That is so cool.

This effervescent tablet falls down through the oil and into the water.

It falls to the bottom of the co That means it's more dense than both of those.

The chemical reaction taking pla this effervescent tablet to produce carbon dioxide.

That gas is less dense and comes up through the oil to the top where it pops.

What's really cool about it is this can happen over and over and over again.

Oh, I think the tablet, oh, look at those big bubbles!

This is so awesome.

Let's try it again.

I put way more tablet in there t and we're getting a much better Pick your favorite food coloring and build your own heatless lava (upbeat music) - Mister C has been busy buildin and testing the heatless lava la I've included a sketch of the lava lamp design in our n and also included the definition of density.

Vegetable oil has a density of about 0.92 grams per millilit while water has a density of one gram per milliliter.

That's why the oil floats on top of the water.

It's less dense.

I also made a safety note for us as a reminder that we should always keep the bottle cap off while conducting this experiment because the effervescent tablet produces gas, and we don't want any pressure t up inside the container.

I wonder: How many times can we actually do this experiment, and keep getting a reaction without replacing or adding more water?

That could be something cool to over a long period of time.

- Submarines use ballast and tri which are filled with air or wat to submerge or raise the ship.

When the submarine is floating on the surface, the tank is filled with air, causing its density to be less than the surrounding water.

- I can't wait to keep exploring And now we're going to build something really special.

We're gonna build a tower of liq We've got corn syrup, soap, water, vegetable oil, and rubbing alcohol.

These five things are going to hopefully stack up, and we'll see which ones are mos and which ones are least dense.

Let's give it a try.

(upbeat music) I'm squeezing as hard as I can.

Now we're gonna carefully add wa Oh, oh!

All right, now, vegetable oil.

You've noticed I'm tilting the cup and container.

That's because I wanna have it running smoothly versus dumping it in.

And our rubbing alcohol.

Oh.

(gasps) That was so cool.

This is so awesome, and it's working really well.

I'm really surprised, actually, that I was able to stack water on top of the soap.

That, I didn't expect that to ha So we've got our corn syrup on t which is the most dense.

We've got our soap, our layer of Here, we have our vegetable oil, and here we have the rubbing alc and I colored the rubbing alcoho with some red food coloring so that we can see it better.

We've created a density stack.

This is a density stack.

We have stacked up these five li to create this beautiful scienti You should try some different things that you have in your fridge to see how they w - Here's another sweet density experiment to try at home.

Since we know that density is me by how much mass there is in a given volume, we can easily make sugar water with different densities.

(upbeat music) Take three cups and put eight ounces of water in each cup.

Then add a drop of food coloring to each cup.

Add two tablespoons of sugar to the first cup, add four tablespoons of sugar to the second cup, and add eight tablespoons of sugar to the third cup.

Mix them up well to dissolve the Now carefully stack the sugar water into a new cup.

The layer of sugar on the bottom is the most dense, while the layer of sugar water on top is the least dense.

Isn't that amazing?

A sugar stack tower.

- We already know that ice cubes are made from water, but have you ever thought about why ice cubes float, instead of sinking to the bottom of your cup?

It's all about density.

When water freezes, it expands and takes up more space as a solid than it did as a liquid.

In fact, the solid takes up about 10% more space.

So the next time you have a cup of water with ice in it, spill this tip of science knowle on your friends and family.

- This next activity is Sink or We're going to see if these soda cans sink or float in the water to determine whethe or not they are more or less dense than the water.

But before I do that, the questi Do you think they'll sink or flo Do you think this soda can, or should I say pop can, or should I say Coke can, will sink or float?

You tell me, let's give it a try All right.

That one totally sank Let's give another one a try.

(upbeat music) Definitely sank.

Oh, this one floats.

Now this one.

Oh, that can also floats.

And our last can.

Floated.

Three cans floated, two cans san And the question is, why?

Wait, hold on.

This is a diet soda.

And this is a regular soda.

I wonder what the difference is.

- All of the cans are the exact which means they have the same v A single can of soda has 45 grams of sugar.

However, diet sodas use artificial sweeteners.

The artificial sweeteners have l which means the density of the dye cans is less than the regular soda cans.

- So the soda cans were super co But what if we take it to the ne and use bowling balls?

Just like the soda cans, these bowling balls are the exact same size, which means they have the same v but this bowling ball weighs 16 and this bowling ball is 10 poun So the question is, will they sink or will they float?

Let's give it a try.

16, oh my gosh.

That is so heavy.

Ugh.

Oh, it totally just sinks to the Where you going, buddy?

Okay.

We'll make space for your friend right here.

Sounds good.

And this is our 10-pounder, and it floats?

It floats?

I thought for sure, they were both gonna sink.

Oh, that is so cool.

It's all about density.

Less dense than water, more dense than water.

But the question is, what else could we throw into our fish tank to see if it' or less dense than water?

Hm.

(upbeat music) - Water can be used as a tool to measure the volume of an obje We can submerge an item into the to see how much water is displac The water displaced should equal the volume of our item.

- Eggs typically sink in water, because they are more dense than the water.

You can actually make an egg flo by adding a bit of salt and creating a salt water solution.

Adding the salt to the water makes it more dense than the egg and causes the egg - Oh, yeah.

We're gonna keep having fun.

And now we're gonna do some density artwork.

Our materials today are pretty s We need tempera paint, we need some school glue, and then we need a little bit of rubbing alcohol.

And this recipe is pretty simple So I have eight colors here, and we're gonna do a one-to-one ratio of paint to glue.

So I have a half a cup of paint already set up, and we're going to pour a half a of glue into each one of these c (upbeat music) So while you're mixing it, you're gonna notice that some of the paints feel thicker than What we're gonna do is we're goi use a little bit of rubbing alco Put that in to thin it out just a little bit.

Your paints are gonna be a little different than my paints.

So it's gonna be one of those th and if it's different, that's ok The best part is, is you're going to be able to make adjustments and test it what amount of rubbing alcohol and paint ratio to glue ratio is going to allow you to pour the paint the best.

Now we have to stir those up one more time.

I think we've got 'em all ready Alright.

So the next step is to organize your space.

Kind of get some of the colors.

I'm gonna put some colors over h on the left, some on the right.

And now what we're going to do is we're actually going to use just some paper plates as the medium to paint on.

And so I've got this plate here, and I'm gonna take this bowl, and put it underneath it, so that when I pour my paint on if it rolls off, it's not gonna get stuck to the table.

And actually this time, to help it move a little bit, I'm gonna put a little bit of paint on here.

I'm just gonna move this all ove so that when I put the other pai it already has a layer of paint to kind of move on.

So hopefully it glides a little bit better.

There we go.

See if that does anything.

Grab another little cup.

Let's try some blue, try some white, some green, a little bit of black, and then some of this turquoise.

And I'm even gonna throw in some All right, here we go.

I'm gonna pop this on here.

Turn it over.

We're gonna let it sit just for so all of that paint starts to p I have a lot of blue in there.

I wonder if it's just too much.

While we're letting that set, I'm gonna get another container Actually I'm not, I'm not gonna, I wanna pull this up, and see what happened.

Here we go.

I'm gonna give it a nice pool.

Just move it around a little bit, and I'm gonna lift.

Whoa!

Wow, that is amazing.

That's a lot of blue.

All right, I can let this one si and just look at all of the cells starting to form.

The cells are forming.

We've got some cracking down on got all of these little cells trying to pop up, and it's because these layers of paint are trying to figure out how they're interacting with one another.

And because of that, that's why we get these beautifu And because we have it sitting up on top of that other bowl, if any of the paint runs over, i It'll just kind of roll over the And this is how you can create some amazing, beautiful artwork.

Ooh, stretch those out.

Oh, those are, those are amazing over there.

Look at that.

That looks amazing.

Let's try another one, now that we have everything picked up again, because I just can't get enough And for this one, we're going to use the bottom of a soda bottle so that we can to kind of generate a pattern.

And before we get started, we're going to put some white pa on top of this canvas board, so that we are able to get the paint to pour and move and flow much more easi I'm gonna take a new stick.

Cover it really nicely.

It's so messy, but it's so aweso Now what you're gonna do, you ca I have a smaller 20-ounce.

You can use a bigger two liter b the bottom of it, you know, be creative, do whatever you wan And what we're going to do is put it right there in the center.

And then we're just gonna pour paint on top of that.

And we're gonna start with yello We're just gonna do a whole bunch of layers, some green, some blue, some purple, gonna add some white, bright orange, and add some turq I wanna go back to some more whi just a little bit of black on th I really liked this blue.

All right, so that is just runni the bottom of that container.

And here in a moment, we're going to lift up as carefully as we can, and hopefully, it floods it back to the center.

Fingers are sticky.

Oh, they're so sticky, I don't know if I can grab it.

Let me try this side.

That is beautiful.

That is beautiful.

It's coming back to the center ever so slowly.

I don't know if I even wanna mes I'm gonna carefully take this cr and pull it between, it looks like the blue and black Here we go.

Oh, I hate, I hate to even do this, but it's artwork.

And then I'm gonna take the clea I might use a couple of these.

Take the other end.

(sighs) Should I go through the petals?

Should I go through the petals?

I don't wanna go through the pet Here we go.

Oh my gosh.

That is beautiful.

Look how awesome that looks.

This is so cool.

So not only do we have an amazin but we can start seeing the colo and we're starting to see some c We're gonna let this sit and we're gonna let it dry.

It's gonna take a little bit of time to let this dry, but we'll have an amazing piece of artwork that we can hang up on our walls to illustrate that science and art goes hand i You guys should build one of these, not build, but you should design and make one of these.

And the longer you wait, look at All of the little cells are starting to pop up.

It's absolutely gorgeous.

I can't wait to see your artwork #DIYScienceTime.

- Thanks, Mister C. Before all of this information floats away, let's make sure it's written down in our notebook.

I added our definition for densi some of London's research, and also created a chart to record which items sank and which items floated in water That density stack has me wonder how many different sugar layers you could stack on water.

Four, five, or maybe six layers?

We're definitely going to need m There are so many exciting thing So be sure to try some of these fun and sweet experiments at home.

- What an amazing day.

Density is awesome.

Make sure you take your informat and get it into your science not It's a great place to record and keep that information for future reference.

We built a density stack.

We built a heatless lava lamp.

We checked out whether or not bowling balls will sink o Oh, man.

We had fun, didn't we?

Keep learning, keep exploring, and remember, science is whereve One more time.

(upbeat music) ♪ It's Science Time ♪ ♪ It's Science Time ♪ - I don't know.

I definitely think level, blah, blah, blah.

I definitely think we should try to stack up more liquid than any Oh my gosh.

Now wait for this one.

We're gonna try something differ Instead of just mixing.

Oh yeah.

I can't wait to try this one.

Instead of just mixing water and vegetable oil, I can be.

♪ It's Science Time ♪ - Oh yeah.

Instead of just mixing.

♪ We know it's awesome ♪ ♪ We know it's great ♪ (laughs) ♪ It's Science Time ♪ ♪ So hear me ♪