(bright quirky music) - Hello, scholars.

Welcome to second grade on "Read, Write, ROAR!"

Today, our big question that we'll focus on is what land form and bodies of water are found on Earth?

I bet you know some already.

We will read and write words with the ch sound that is spelled with a T-C-H. We'll also listen to a book about landforms and bodies of water that are found on Earth.

So go ahead, get your paper and your pencil, and let's get ready to "Read, Write, ROAR!"

- [Announcer] This program is made possible in part by the Michigan Department of Education, the state of Michigan, and the W.K.

Kellogg Foundation.

Additional support by... And by viewers like you.

Thank you.

(upbeat music) (lion roars) (lion roars) - Hi, scholars, I'm Mrs. Z-K, and today we are going to read and write words with a ch sound.

Can I hear you say that ch sound?

Yeah, it's kind of like you gotta open your mouth, ch-ch, but close your teeth.

Hmm.

(laughs) Today, we're going to be working with this frequently used spelling pattern for the ch sound, T-C-H. We use this spelling pattern when there's a short vowel sound right before the ch sound.

(bright tone) Let's look at some examples.

Here's a word here.

I found the vowel.

I see the T-C-H spelling pattern.

So I know that this is going to say ch.

I know that this is a short vowel sound, because we use the T-C-H spelling pattern.

So we have ih, ch.

What word?

Itch.

Oh, man, you got an itch?

(laughs) Here's another example.

I have a one vowel, which means that this is a one syllable word.

I see my T-C-H spelling pattern.

All three letters make one sound.

What's that sound again?

Ch, nice.

Because we use the T-C-H spelling pattern.

I know this is a short vowel sound.

Do you see how right after the short vowel sound is the T-C-H?

Mhm, so this is ah, so we huh, ah, ch huh, atch.

What word?

Hatch.

Do you know what it means for something to hatch?

I have an example to show you.

Well, look at this egg.

Do you see how it is cracked up?

It is getting ready to hatch, but don't worry.

There's not baby animals inside of these eggs.

No.

Do you know what's inside of these eggs?

Of course, words for us to read.

Let's look at this word.

We have the word ull, ah, oh, I see my T-C-H. What sound is that going to the make?

Ch, nice.

Ull, ah, ch.

What word?

Latch.

Let me show you what a latch is.

A latch is something that can hold two pieces together.

Here's a briefcase, and this briefcase has two latches, and you can connect the two pieces and keep them to stay together.

It's pretty neat.

Let's open another egg.

(gasps) Which color, green?

All right.

What kind of word do you think is in here, a word with the ch sound?

I bet you're right.

Ooh.

Let's find out what this word is.

All right.

I see we have a blend at the beginning.

We have our T-C-H at the end, ch.

And then, oh, of course, a short vowel sound.

There's only one vowel sound, which means it's only one syllable.

Let's figure out this word.

We got swuh, ih, ch, swuh, itch.

What word?

Switch, nice job.

You may notice in your house you might have a lot of light switches, yes.

And when you switch the light down... Hey, turn that back on.

Oh, that's better.

(laughs) You can turn the lights off and on by switching the switch.

Hmm.

(laughs) All right, scholars, what color should we do now?

(gasps) Mm, yellow, okay.

Ooh.

Let's figure out this word.

All right, I have a big blend at the beginning of this word, Ster, and then we have T-C-H. What sound does that make?

Ch, nice.

And then our short vowel sound.

Are you ready to figure out this word?

Let's do it, scholars.

Ster, eh, ch.

Mm, faster.

Ster, etch.

What word?

Stretch.

Oh, now might be a good time (groans) to get a good stretch in.

Okay what do you think?

(laughs) Let's do another egg.

Purple.

Ooh.

This is Mrs. Z-K's favorite color.

Do you know that?

All right, let's figure out this word.

If you've been noticing all these words have only had one vowel sound, which means they only have one syllable in them.

Hm.

That's when we frequently use that T-C-H spelling pattern.

Yeah, so we don't have a blend at the beginning, but we do have that short vowel sound and the T-C-H, which makes what sound?

Ch, nice.

Let's figure out this word, fuh, eh, ch.

Hm, fuh, etch.

What word?

Fetch, nice work.

All right, well you know what?

I have a dog, and my dog loves to play fetch.

Go get it, Nala.

(dog barks) (laughs) Oh, we still have two more words.

Let's keep going, scholars.

I'm going to open the orange egg.

All right, what are you noticing?

Mhm, we have a mm, short vowel, and a ch.

You ready?

Mm, ah, ch.

Mm, atch.

What word?

Match.

Oh, look at those pictures.

Which one of them match?

You're right, scholars.

That means that they are the same.

They match.

All right, let's do our last egg.

Ooh.

Oh, we do have a little bit of a blend here at the beginning.

Crr, yep, and then ch, and our short vowel sound, uh.

Nice.

All right, let's do it.

Crr, utch.

Oh, what word?

Crutch, nice.

You might see people walking around with a crutch if they've hurt their ankle, or their leg, or their foot, and they need help walking.

Yeah, so be careful when you're playing fetch with your dog.

You don't wanna hurt your ankle and have to walk on a crutch.

(laughs) (bright tone) All right, scholars, get your paper and pencil ready, 'cause we're gonna get ready to do a word ladder, and I would like you to write along with me.

All right, scholars.

Here's my word ladder.

In a word ladder, you start off with a word here at the bottom, and you climb your way up to the top by changing one sound each time to create a new word.

Sometimes you change the beginning, middle, or ending sound to make a new word.

This is a special ladder.

This is going to be our T-C-H ladder.

Our T-C-H spelling pattern is always going to be at the end of these one syllable words.

What sound does T-C-H make again?

Ch, you're right.

So we're gonna call this our T-C-H ladder, and we'll change between changing the beginning sound or the middle sound.

Let's go ahead and get started.

Go ahead and write with me.

We're going to write M-A-T-C-H. What's this word, mm, ah, ch?

Mm, atch.

Match, nice work.

Remember when two things are the same?

All right, here we go.

We're going to change the beginning sound.

We're going to change the mm in match to a huh.

What sound makes the huh sound?

You're right, H. So you change the mm to a huh, and then the rest of the word stays the same.

Go ahead and write that down.

What's our new word?

Huh, atch.

Hatch like when the eggs will hatch, and we got to read those new words.

(laughs) This time, we'll change the middle sound.

We're gonna change the ah in hatch to a ih.

Hm, what makes ih sound?

You're right.

You remember that all the vowel sounds that are before the ch, T-C-H are going to be short vowel sounds, right?

What word is our new word?

We changed the ah in hatch to a ih, and now we have hitch.

Nice.

Here's a picture of a hitch.

You can put a tow hitch on the back of your pickup truck, so that you can tow things behind your truck.

Yeah, it's pretty cool.

(laughs) All right, let's change the beginning sound.

Let's change the huh in hitch to a wuh.

Change the huh in hitch to a wuh.

Remember the rest of the word stays the same.

Once you've written it, can you read it?

Wuh, itch.

Witch, nice job.

Somebody might dress up as a witch for Halloween.

(laughs) This time, we're not gonna change a sound.

We are going to add a sound.

We're gonna add a sound right here at the beginning of the word.

So we're going to add the sound ss, and then the rest of the world is gonna stay the same.

Let's add a ss to the beginning of witch.

You got it?

Swuh, itch.

Switch like the light switch.

(laughs) All right, scholars, let's change that wuh in switch to a tuh.

Change the wuh in switch to a tuh.

And our new word is stitch.

Someone who knows how to sew can stitch up your sweater if you get a hole.

(laughs) All right, scholars, let's go ahead and reread our words.

Match, hatch, hitch, witch, switch, stitch.

Nice work.

All those words are one syllable words with short vowel sounds, and then the spelling pattern T-C-H. You did amazing work today, scholars.

You know, maybe you should try to make your own word ladder.

Yeah, just change a sound at a time and see what words you can come up with.

Remember to climb all the way to the top.

(upbeat music) - Hi, scholars.

Today, we're gonna be reading a book called "The Earth Landforms and Bodies of Water" written by Natalie Hyde and read with permission from Crabtree Publishing Company.

As I read today, I would like you to be listening for information about our big question, which is what landforms and bodies of water are found on Earth?

Let's get started.

"Land and water.

"Our planet Earth is home to plants, animals, and humans.

"They live on land and in the water.

"Earth's surface is not the same everywhere.

"It has mountains, hills, valleys, plains, and plateaus.

"These shapes on the earth surface called landforms.

"Earth also has streams, lakes, ponds, and oceans.

"These are called bodies of water.

"Mapping Earth.

"We can study landforms and bodies of water on a map.

"A map is a model of Earth.

"A model is a representation of a real object.

"Look at the map on this page.

"The blue areas show where water is found on Earth.

"What do you think the other colors show?"

So looking at our map, what do you think the brown and green areas are showing us?

Good, yeah, land.

What do you think the white area at the top is showing us?

Right, it's frozen, land that's frozen for most of the year.

"Rocky planet.

"Earth's land is made up of rocks.

"That is why it is called a rocky planet.

"The biggest pieces of rock form mountains.

"Boulders are huge rocks that break off mountains.

"Sometimes the rock has been crushed into smaller pieces.

Gravel is made up of small stones and pebbles."

I brought a sample to show you today, all different size rocks, different shapes, different sizes.

They've been broken off from larger rocks.

"Gravel is used on the roads and to make concrete or cement.

"Tiny pieces of rocks and minerals make sand.

"Beaches are made of sand.

"Concrete is strong enough to hold up cars, "trains, and buildings."

And we read in our book that sand is rocks crushed into tiny little pieces.

"Where things grow.

"Soil is the loose top layer of the Earth's surface.

"It is made up of rocks, "minerals, and bits of dead plants and animals.

"Plants grow in soil."

So we read that soil is also bits of crushed up rock, but it has other minerals and nutrients in it that help plants grow well.

"Raised landforms.

"There are many different kinds of landforms on Earth.

"Some landforms are raised.

"This means they are higher "than the area of land around them.

"Mountains are the highest raised landforms on Earth.

"They have steep sloping sides.

"A group of mountains in the same area "is called a mountain range.

"The size of a mountain meet at a point "at the top called a peak.

"High ground.

"A hill is smaller than a mountain.

"Hills have rounded tops.

"A plateau is also a raised landform.

"It rises high above the land around it.

"A plateau has a flat surface on the top.

"It is surrounded by steep sides called cliffs.

"Plateaus toes can be thousands of feet high."

So what do you think?

How has a plateau different from a mountain?

How is a plateau different from a hill?

Well, we read in our book that mountains come together at the top to make a point called a peak.

Hills are rounded at the top.

And we read that plateaus are flat on the surface, "Low landforms.

"Some landforms are lower than the land around them.

"Valleys are kind of low land form.

"They are usually found between raised landforms.

"Water runs down the sides of mountains and hills.

"It wears away rock and soil at the bottom.

"This creates a valley.

"A canyon is deeper than a valley.

"It is narrow and has very steep sides.

"It is cut out by a fast moving river.

In the picture, you can see the Grand Canyon in Arizona is one of the largest canyons in the world.

"Flat landforms.

"Some landforms are neither high nor low.

"A plain is a large flat area of land.

"Plains are mostly covered with grass and only a few trees.

"The ground has rich soil that is good for farming.

"The area known as the Great Plains "produces a lot of the food eaten in North America.

"Land near water.

"The place where land meets water "is called a coast or shore.

"coast can drop down to the water over a cliff.

"It can also be flat and sandy with a beach.

"Coastlines surround islands.

"An island is an area of land with water all around it.

"Sometimes a coastline has a long, narrow strip of land "that juts into the water.

"This is a peninsula.

"A bay is water that has land almost all around it."

(bright tone) Hi, scholars.

I brought you on a little adventure today to the beach.

We're on the coast in Manistee, on the shore of Lake Michigan.

And we were reading in our book that where land meets water is called a coast or shore.

So I wanted to bring you right to the shore and show you what that looks like.

So right here, where the land meets the water, you can see it's made out of rocks and sand, can see the waves crashing in on the sand.

A coast or shore may also look like this.

It's a cliff or a sand dune.

(bright tone) "Where rivers meet the sea.

"When a river meets a lake or ocean, it can form a delta.

"A delta is often a triangle-shaped area.

"It is made of built up layers of soil.

"This soil is carried by the river "and dropped at the mouth of the river.

"Some deltas are so big that people can live on them.

"Where is water found on Earth?

"Water covers three-quarters of the Earth's surface.

"Most of water is in the Earth's five oceans.

"An ocean is a large, deep body of salt water.

"The rest of the water on earth is fresh water.

"Fresh water does not have salt in it.

"Lakes, streams, rivers, and ponds have fresh water.

"There's also fresh water underground.

"People use pumps to bring the water up for drinking."

We just read in our book that 3/4 of the Earth's surface is covered with water, and only 1/4 is covered with land.

"A stream is a body of moving water.

"Many streams flow into rivers.

"A river is long and narrow.

"It flows into a lake or ocean.

"A lake is a large body of fresh water.

"A lake is surrounded by land on all sides.

"A pond is a small body of still water.

"Ponds can form naturally, "or be made by people.

"Frozen solid.

"Not all of Earth's water is liquid.

"Some of it is in solid form.

"Much of Earth's fresh water is frozen as ice in glaciers.

"Glaciers are thick layers of moving ice.

"Glaciers form when snow and hail begin to pile up high "in the mountains.

"The weight causes the snow to change to ice.

"The ice then starts to slowly slide down the mountain.

"Frozen rivers.

"Glaciers push and drag rocks and soil "down the mountain with them.

"Piles of soil and rock are left "along the edges of the glacier.

"Glaciers carve out valleys as they move.

"The melted water from glaciers fills these landforms, "creating rivers and lakes.

"There are glaciers on every continent on Earth.

"Models of Earth.

"Models are a way for us to study Earth.

Maps are models that have landforms and bodies of water "drawn on paper.

"Different colors show land and water.

"The same landforms are not found everywhere.

"One map might show an area with mountains and valleys.

"Another might show an area with plains or large lakes.

"Some maps like this one can show a small area "such as a neighborhood, town, or city.

"Other maps like this one might show a large area "such as a country, or even the whole world.

"Take a good look.

"Globes are also models of the Earth."

And we have a globe here.

"However, globes are not flat like maps.

"They are three-dimensional models, "and globes can show us the whole world.

"Globes help us to see "where in the world major landforms are."

So what do you think?

To find the streams and ponds near your home, would you use a map or a globe and why?

So on the globe, I could find where we live, where I live.

I could find Michigan, but I can't see the rivers and pods near where I live.

So I would wanna use a map, a map that shows a closeup of the area that I live in.

(bright tone) The landforms that the book told us about today were mountains, hills, plateaus, valleys, and plains.

Can you think of any other landforms that we can add to our list?

We could add a canyon.

A canyon like the Grand Canyon is deeper than a valley.

We read about islands.

Island is an area of land surrounded on all sides by water.

We could add a dune to the list.

A dune is a hill made out of sand.

And we could add a delta.

A delta is an area at the mouth of the river where sand, soil, and rocks build up.

Bodies of water that we read about in our book today, streams, lakes, ponds, and oceans.

What other bodies of water can we add to our list?

Our book talked a lot about rivers, and a river is a winding, narrow body of water that flows into a lake or ocean.

Creeks are smaller than a river, but they flow into a lake.

We read about bays today.

A bay is the body of water that's almost all the way surrounded by land.

And a glacier.

A glacier is the parts of water on the Earth that are frozen solid.

Thank you so much for learning with us today.

Take a look around and continue to look for landforms and bodies of water near you, and maybe ask someone at home if they think a mountain can turn into sand.

I'll see you next time on "Read, Write, ROAR!"

- [Announcer] This program is made possible in part by the Michigan Department of Education, the state of Michigan and the W.K.

Kellogg Foundation.

Additional support by... And by viewers like you.

Thank you.

(upbeat music) (bright piano music)