FOOD FROM THE GARDEN.

I CANNOT SAY THAT ENOUGH.

>> THIS PLANT WILL SHOOT UN ADDITIONAL EIGHTH -- IT ISR THE PUBLIC.

>> IT IS A LOT OF WORK BUTS WORTH IT WHEN YOU SEE ALL E BLOOMS.

IT IS GORGEOUS.

♪ SHARON:HELLO, AND WELCOME O GREAT GARDENING.

I'M SHARON YUNG, YOUR HOST FOR THIS EVENING.

WE HAVE OUR GARDEN EXPERTSH US TONIGHT.

THEY ARE HORTICULTURIST AND EDUCATOB OLEN, AND GARDEN PROFESSIOL DEB BYRNS ERICKSON.

WE WANT TO HEAR FROM GARDES ACROSS THE REGION WHO HAVE QUESTIONS FOR OUR EXPERTS L THINGS GARDENING.

VOLUNTEERS FROM THE ST. LOS COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS PRM ARE HERE TO ANSWER THE PHO.

CALL LOCALLY AT 218-788-28R E-MAIL US AT ASK@WDSE.ORG.

NOW, LET'S TALK ABOUT THE CURRENT CONDITIONS.

>> CURRENT CONDITIONS OF TY WERE NEARLY PERFECT.

>> EXCEPT IN THE MORNING.

>> WE HAD 32 FROST.

>> AND THIS OF COURSE IS TE LAST DAY OF SUMMER AND FALS NOT BEGIN UNTIL RIGHT AFTEE PROGRAM.

YOU SEE THESE BEAUTIFUL SUR SEE -- -- SEEDS >> TONIGHT IS GREAT GARDE'S FALL HARVEST.

AND WE'RE GOING TO HIGHLIGT FARMERS AND GROWERS IN OUR REGION.

FIRST, WE VISITED E GARDEN OF IRENE AND CHARLES CARLSON FROM WRIGHT, MINNE.

LET'S TAKE A LOOK!

>> I AM IRENE CARLSON.

>> AND I'M CHARLES CARLSON.

>> AND THIS IS WRIGHT, MINNESOTA.

AND WELCOME TO R GARDEN.

>> WE BOUGHT THE FARM IN 9D IT WAS A WORKING DAIRY FARM 1903.

BUT THIS GARDEN, THIS OUR THIRD ATTEMPT ON THE PROPERTY FOR A GARDEN.

>>AND ONE DAY HE DECIDED HS GOING TO OPEN UP THE FIRST LITTLE AREA.

SO IT STARTEDT SMALL AT FIRST, AND OVER TE YEARS IT HAS GROWN.

SO WE A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT ITEMSE EARLY IN THE SPRING AND THN SOME THAT WE HARVEST IN THE FALL.

IN THE VERY BEGINNINF THE GARDEN, WE HAVE A LOT E COOLER SPRING CROPS, THE LETTUCES, BOK CHOY, AND THE HAVE PEAS, TOMATOES, PEPPE.

>> AND SHE DOES A LOT OF COMPANION PLANTING.

WELL, THAT'S HOW IT'S SECTD OUT.

CERTAIN PLANTS LIKE TE WITH CERTAIN PLANTS.

AND TE ROTATE THE CROP EVERY YEARO DIFFERENT SECTIONS.

>>COMPANION PLANTING IS TOT DOWN ON LIKE INSECTS AND FS AND ALL THAT.

SO LIKE IN OR POTATO PATCH WE ACTUALLY HE THAT SURROUNDED WITH CABBAE BECAUSE THE TWO ARE A REALY GOOD COMPANION AND THE CARS THAT KIND OF DETERS RABBITD DIFFERENT THINGS BECAUSE TY SMELL THE ONIONS AND IT D'T SMELL LIKE SUCH A GOOD TRE.

SO YOU KIND OF WANT TO MAKE YOU KEEP THINGS SPACED OUTA QUITE A BIT.

AND THIS YEARE TRIED SOMETHING DIFFERENT H OUR TOMATOES.

WE WATCHED A COUPLE OF YOUTUBERS AND THD THE FENCE POSTS WITH THE STRINGS.

AND I'M ACTUALLY G THAT A LOT MORE.

THERE'S AT MORE AIRFLOW, A LOT LESS PT PROBLEMS, A LOT LESS DISEA, AND ALL OF THE TOMATOES AND STUFF SEEM TO BE PUTTING ON REALLY GOOD AND THEY'RE DOG VERY HEALTHY.

AND THE SUNFLOWERS I PLANTE YEAR FOR THE BEES AND THENY KIND OF END UP FALLING ALL.

SO IN THE SPRING WE KIND OG SOME OF THEM UP AND REPLACE THEM, WHETHER FOR SHADE ORE WE NEED MORE OF THE POLLINS TO COME IN AND HELP US OUT.

>>HOW DO YOU WATER?

>>RIGHT HERE.

>>THIS IS MY WATERBOY.

>>I WATER IT RIGHT HERE.

TS ABOUT 3 HOURS EVERY DAY TOK IT PRETTY GOOD.

AND IT'S JT ABOUT AN EVERYDAY DEAL.

ANE HAVE A TWO WELLS AND IT'S E OR LESS JUST DRAGGING A HO, SETTING UP RAIN BARRELS TAN FROM THEM AND WATER BY HAND IT'S IT'S A STRUGGLE, BUT I ENJOY IT.

>>I COME HOME FROM WORK ANI GRAZE MYSELF THROUGH HERE D SNACK ON PEAS AND CARROTS D CELERY AND JUST ABOUT ANYTG YOU WANT.

AND IT'S NICE TOE ABLE TO JUST WALK THROH YOR GARDEN.

OH, I THINK WE'LL E THIS FOR SUPPER.

>>BOB, YOU WANTED TO TALK T THIS SEASON'S WEATHER.

BOB: YEAH IT WAS A REMARKA, REMARKABLE GROWING SEASON.

AND YOU SEE FROM THE PRODUE THAT WE HAVE WE GOT OFF TOA SLOW'S TORT.

IT WAS MAY, WE HAD SNOW ONE GROUND AND THE AVERAGE DAY TEMPERATURES AND HIGH TEMPERATURES, DURING THE DT WAS COLDER THAN AVERAGE.

AND MAY, IT WAS COOLER THAN USUAL.

I THINK THE SEASON GOT OFFA VERY SLOW START THEN WE MOD INTO JUNE.

AND IT WAS SO REMARKABLE, E WE GOT -- IT COVERED A LITE BIT OF TEMPERATURES A LITTT ABOVE AVERAGE.

BUT WE NOTICED AS WE GOT -T THROUGH THE ENTIRE SEASON, PRECIPITATION WAS JUST A LE LOW.

BUT IN MOST CASES, WE WERET OFF FROM AVERAGE.

WHEN WE TAKE A LOOK AT THEE OWING SEASON, WHAT WE CALL METEOROLOGICAL SUMMER, JUN, JULY, AND AUGUST WE WERE CE TO AVERAGE.

WE LOOK AT THE JULY STATIS, WE WERE A LITTLE BIT COOL, UNLIKE THE REST OF THE COUY AND THE REST OF THE WORLD I GUESS, WE HAD A LITTLE BITL AND IT TOOK A WHILE FOR OUR TOMATOES TO GET GROWING.

AND OUR OTHER HARVEST SEASN CROPS.

AND TAKE A LOOK AT THE AVEE TEMPERATURE IN AUGUST.

ONE .5 DEGREES LOWER THAN NORMAL.

AND -- WE WOULD LIKE TO SEE IDEALLY FLIP-FLOP WE WOULDE TO SEE MORE TEMPERATURE DUG THE DAY AND LESS TEMPERATUT NIGHT WHERE WE ARE LOSING E SUGARS THAT WE STIRRED DURG THE DAY.

BUT WHEN WE ARE LOOKING AT COMING INTO THE AVERAGE --T OUR AVERAGE MAXIMUM TEMPERS WAS FOR THE SUMMER ENTIRELE JUST -- WE WERE DOWN JUST A LITTLE BIT DURING THE DAY P JUST A LITTLE BIT DURING TE EVENING.

AND OUR AVERAGE TEMPERATURS JUST A FRACTION -- .2 PERCT BELOW.

-- THIS WAS THE SUMMER DATT WAS THROUGH AUGUST AND WE E INTO SEPTEMBER.

SEPTEMBER 15, AND BEGAN TOM UP FOR US RATHER DRAMATICA.

AND THE RAINFALL WE HAD LAT WEEKEND, MOST PEOPLE GOT AD AMOUNT OF RAIN, I WOULD BE WILLING TO BET IT WILL MAKP FOR THE DEFICIT AND WE WILL ACTUALLY BE A LITTLE BIT AE AVERAGE AS WE COME THROUGHE SEASON.

MOST OF US HAD A FROST, BUE YOU GET NORTH OF, >> WE GOE PRECIPITATION A LOT OF DAM, COOL WEATHER.

>> AND SO MUCH OF OUR GROWG SUCCESS AND INSECTS AND DIS PINNED ON THE TYPE OF WEATR CONDITIONS WE EXPERIENCE.

-- DEPEND ON THE TYPE OF WR CONDITIONS WE EXPERIENCE.

AND UP NORTH, HAVE A LITTLE RAIN ACTION THAT WE DID INS AREA.

IN THE WARMER SEASON, OBVIY WARM SEASON CROPS DO IN WAM SEASON AND COOL SEASON CROO BETTER IN COOL SEASON.

BUT IT WAS GREAT SEAS.

ONCE AGAIN, THIS WAS A ROSE GARDEN -- WE HAD A CHANCE O VISIT A SPECTACULAR -- THES WERE WONDERFUL.

FALL COLOR, WE CAN ANTICIPA GREAT LEAF KING SEASON.

THIS I JUST SHOT A COUPLE S AGO -- AND LOOK AT THE SUGR MAPLE THE COLOR ALREADY UNDERNEATH.

-- IT WAS A GREAT TIME TO M THE PIGMENTS I AM ANTICIPAA REALLY GOOD FALL CROP.

AGAIN, IT HEARS THE CROPS D THE ORNAMENTALS ARE BEAUTIL FLOWER OAMENTALS.

THIS IS OUR FAVORITE -- ONF OUR FAVORITE -- CHERRY FROT WHICH IS -- WE SPENT 20 YE- 20 YEARS DEVELOPING THE SHB ROSE.

WE ARE VERY APPRECIATIVE.

THE COOL SEASON CROPS, THE CABBAGE -- AND THE COOL HAN SPECTACULAR.

SO THE COOL SEASON CROPS -W AS FAR AS THE WARM SEASON , ALL IF YOU LIKE GREEN TOMAO PIE, THERE STILL A LOT OF N TOMATOES OUT THERE AT THISK BUT IF YOU HAVE NOT HAD FRT AND WE GET THROUGH TONIGHT TONIGHT IS CRITICAL FOR MAF US WE SHOULD RIPEN THESE TOMATOES SO NEVER GIVE UP N THESE WARM SEASON ROCKS ASG AS -- THEY ARE GREEN.

WE WANT TO LET THINGS RIPE.

ONE OF THE GOOD RESPONSES E RESPONSES, THE GOOD AND BA- THIS IS AN APPLE AND YOU CE THE PORTION THAT WAS JUST D OFF -- IT LOOKS LIKE SOMEOE CAME IN WITH THE BLOWTORCHD THE REMAINING PORTION OF TT BRANCH IS GREEN.

THIS IS A BACTERIAL INFECT- IT IS SYSTEMIC AND RUNS THH THE TREES SO WE TALKED ABOT CLIPPING SOME OF THAT OFF.

WE SAW IT ON PEARS, MOUNT , AND RASPBERRIES, EVEN.

SO THIS IS CASSIC.

IT IF YOU HOLD ONTO THAT SE FOR JUST A MOMENT.

THESE ARE CLASSIC -- FLAMEF APPEARANCE AND THEN THE SHEPHERD'S CROOK AT THE ENA LASIX SYMPTOM OF FLIGHT --E BLIGHT.

THAT IS ONE THING THAT CROP CONSVATIONISTS REALLY GET GARDEN, WE WILL NOT BE TOO CONCERNED.

HERE IS ANOTHER SITUATION D THIS YEAR.

THIS IS LATE BLIGHT THAT WD HIM POTATO WE DO NOT SEE TS EVERY YEAR.

-- IT IS VERY DEVASTATING A MATTER OF FACT, THE FUNGI T TAUGHT -- CAUSES THIS IT IA PLANT DESTROYER.

UNDER THAT WE SAW A LOT OF.

THESE ARE THE NORTHERN PARF ST. LOUIS COUNTY.

THE FOLIAGE DIES BACK VERY QUICKLY IT CAN BE 3, 4, 5 S AND THE FOLIAGE CAN BE DROD AND HE THE SYSTEMIC SO IT S ITS WAY THROUGH THE PLANT.

THIS IS CLASSIC LATE LIGHT SYMPTOM THE WHITE HALO OF S FROM THE FUNGI IF YOU FLIPE LEAF OVER AND SEE THAT SETF SYMPTOMS THE WHITE HALO THS CHARACTERISTIC OF LATE BLI.

THAT IS NOT EVERY YEAR SO T PREPARE FOR IT.

AND HERE IS THE FRUIT WHENU SLICE IT OPEN IT ALL TURNSO MUSH.

AND EVEN THE POTATO CROP -T LOOKS GOOD I WOULD SAY THOE EARLY BECAUSE THEY DO NOT E REAL WELL WITH THE PLANTS AFFECTED PARTICULARLY EARL.

BUT AS YOU CAN SEE FROM THE PRODUCE WE HAVE HERE, EVERG GROWN WITHIN A MILE OR TWOF DULUTH HERE VERY GOOD COLOS YEAR AND WE ARE BRINGING IA LOT OF THE -- MOST OF THE R SQUASH AND WINTER SQUASH AE SAME TIME.

THAT IS RATHER REMARKABLE.

NICE ASPECT OF THIS PROLOND SEASON.

WE WILL STILL RIPEN THINGSD HOPEFULLY WE WILL NOT HAVEA KILLER FROST UNTIL MAYBE TE OR FOUR WEEKS FROM NOW UNLS YOU ARE UP NORTH.

>> MORE WORK FOR YOU FALL S ALWAYS BUSY.

>> IT IS BUSY BUT WE WOULD RATHER NOT COVER EARLY.

BUT IF YOU HAVE FROST WARNS REALLY THROUGH TONIGHT IT Y DOES PAY TO COVER WITH FROT PROTECTION MATERIAL.

YOU GET THROUGH THE FIRST T AND THEN YOU STILL HAVE ARM WEATHER CONDITIONS FOR A FW WEEKS.

FOR THINGS TO RIPEN OUT.

>>THANKS BOB!

LET'S GET TOE QUESTIONS!

NANCY FROM LAKE ISLAND DUL, SHE SAYS I HAD A LOT OF RO- AFFECTING GARDEN CROPS INCG GREEN BEANS, TOMATOES, AND CHARD, SHOULD I SOIL AFTERI PULLED PLANTS FROM THE SOI.

I HAVE A COPPER FUNGICIDE - CONCENTRATE.

THANK YOU FOR THE PROGRAM.

>> YOU ARE WELCOME.

>> THINK YOU FOR THE DETAIU USE A LOT OF DETAIL WE APPRECIATE THAT WITH OUR CALLERS.

WE SAW QUITE A BIT OF THATI HAVE GREAT PHOTOS TO SHOW.

-- IT IS NOT A REAL AGGRESE DISEASE LATE BLIGHT AND --N MANY CASES THEY ARE TAXED Y LATE IN THE SEASON AND MOSF THE GROWING HAS OCCURRED.

THEY ARE FLUIDLY YEARS SO O NOT WANT TO TREAT THE SOILH ANYTHING.

GENERALLY, THE FUNGICIDES ACHIEVE THAT AND THE COPPEE WOULD HAVE TO GO ON A MONTR SO AGO.

IT IS WAY TOO LATE, THE HOS OUT OF THE BARN SO TO SPEA.

WE ARE GOING TO LIVE WITH .

BUT BENIGN IS A TOUR -- A M WE USE IT WILL NOT KILL THE PLANT BUT IN THIS CASE, THE PLANT WILL GROW OUT OF IT D STILL GET GREAT FRUIT LATEN THE YEAR.

FOR PUERTO RICO MILL -- MIW RESISTANT VARIETIES WE ARE SEEING OR THAT INTRODUCED W FOR NEXT YEAR.

IT WILL NOT BE IN THE SOILD WE WILL TALK LATER IN THE PROGRAM ABOUT CLEANING UP N DEBRIS.

WE DO NOT WANT TO WORK SOMF THAT IN THE GARDEN WE WANTO GET IT OFF THE GARDEN SITED IN ANOTHER LOCATION WHERE T DOES NOT INFECT ANYTHING.

BUT IS NOT SOIL BORNE BUT O NOT WANT THE SCORES TO BE E AREA.

>> A QUESTION FROM RON THAE IN PIGGYBACKS ON THE STATE.

HE WANTS TO KNOW HOW YOU PT AND OR GET RID OF DOWNY MIW ON SQUASH.

>> OK, NOW HE MENTIONED DOY MILDEW.

I THINK HE MAY MEAN ON SQU- THAT IS A TOTALLY DIFFERENT DISEASE ALTHOUGH THEY SOUNY SIMILAR.

WE SEE DOWNY MILDEW TIMIDLN INPATIENTS.

AND LET'S ASSUME THAT THISS POTTERY MILDEW.

AND AGAIN, IF IT WAS A REPG RECURRING FUNGICIDE IT COUE APPLIED EARLIER IN THE SEA.

BUT I WOULD, INSTEAD, DO TE CLASSIC CULTURAL THINGS INR PREVIOUS VIDEO SHOWED YOU E YOU WANT TO SPREAD THINGS T AND HAVE GOOD AIR CIRCULATO IT DOES NOT -- TURN EARLY.

PART OF THE CROP WILL DO MF ITS DAMAGE LATE IN THE SEAN WHEN IT IS NOT CRITICAL BUF YOU HAVE THOSE CONDITIONS EARLIER IT CAN BE A MAJOR PROBLEM.

SPREAD THINGS OUT AND GIVEM PLENTY OF ROOM IF YOU HAVET OPPORTUNITY.

NEVER WATER ON THE FOLIAGER EARLY IN THE MORNING.

IT ON THE BASE AND KEEP THE PLANTS AS DRY AS HE POSSIBY CAN.

I DO NOT RECOMMEND ANY TYPF FUNGICIDE THIS EARLY IN THE SEASON BECAUSE IT NOT THAT AGGRESSIVE OF A DISEASE.

>> OK GOOD TO KNOW BOB THAK YOU.

>> AND THIS ONE SAYS I LIVN THAT YULIA AREA AND MANY O- MY NEIGHBOR GAVE ME PLANTSN 2021 THEY LOOKED HEALTHY LT SUMMER AND THEY STARTED OUT LOOKING OUT THE THIS SPRING EARLY SUMMER ALTHOUGH THE L ARE VERY NASH STALKS ARE VY THIN.

-- IS IT NORMAL FOR THIS TF YEAR OR ARE THEY DYING?

I WOULD LOVE TO KNOW THANK.

>> THEY ARE GOING DORMANT.

THIS IS WHAT THEY DO THEY H FOR ENERGY NEXT YEAR.

IT IS NOTHING TO WORRY ABO.

>> I THINK SHE HAS GOT THEY TO RHUBARB IT IS SO WELL AD TO THE NORTHERN CLIMATE.

YOU CANNOT GROW IT EASILY FURTHER SOUTH.

WE KIND OF LAUGHED ABOUT IT IT IS A WONDERFUL VEGETABLR THE GARDEN.

RE-THINGS I TELL PEOPLE GOD DRAINAGE, FULL SUN, AND --N THEY TALKED A LITTLE BIT AT THE THIN STALKS THAT CONCE.

WE SHOULD BE GETTING NICE K STOCKS IF WERE GETTING GOOD RUTH.

SO MORE SUN, CHECK THE DRA, AND THEN GET SOME NITROGEN FERTILIZER ORGANIC OR SYNTC IT REALLY DOES NOT MATTER O MUCH RIGHT AS IT IS BEGINNO EMERGE IN THE SPRING OF THE YEAR.

IF IN FACT, YOU FIND THAT O NOT HAVE SUN, A GOOD SITE,E IT.

THEY TRANSPARENT -- TRANSPT READILY.

>> NEXT SPRING.

>> LET EVERYTHING DIE DOWNE NEVER HARVEST AFTER THE LI.

SO WE WANT TO BE ABLE TO -T IF IT IS NOT WORKING FOR YU THEY ARE, FIND ANOTHER LOCN BECAUSE IT IS WELL ADAPTEDR THE AREA.

>> GOOD QUESTION.

>> GOOD QUESTION.

>> CHERYL FRO DULUTH HAS TO QUESTIONS.

ONE, CAN YOU STORE GRASS SN A COLD GARAGE OVER THE WIN.

>> ABSOLUTELY.

>> SURE.

>> ABSOLUTELY.

>> RIGHT IS THE KEY.

>> IF IT IS NOT SEATING NOE HAVE SEATED A LOT OF GRASSD AT OUR SOUTHERN PART.

BUT WHEN WE WOULD SEED ANDE THE BEST SUCCESS WE WOULD D RIGHT BEFORE IT WOULD SNOW.

WE WOULD DO A THICK HEAVY W BECAUSE THE SNOW COMES IN D GIVES IT MOISTURE AND PROTS IT FROM THE BIRDS AND WE WD HAVE GOOD GERMINATION IN TE SPRING.

>> AND THAT IS A DORMANCY U HAVE TO MAKE SURE YOU ARE L INTO THE FALL.

WE USUALLY SAY EATING BY SEPTEMBER 15 BUT BECAUSE EVERYTHING IS SO DELAYED, I WOULD STILL SEE RIGHT NOW.

>> WE WOULD WRITE UP UNTIL NOVEMBER.

>> YEAH VERY LATE IN THE S. >> IF THAT IS WHERE THEY AE STORING IT SEED.

>> INTERESTING WHO KNEW?

EVEN AT HALLOWEEN YOU CAN T -- SEED I GUESS NEXT QUESTION IS IT BEST FR FIRST FROST TICKET -- PICK APPLES OR CARROTS?

>> APPLES OR CARROTS WE HAO QUESTIONS THERE.

NOT NECESSARILY.

YOU DO WANT TO HAVE A NICE GROWING SEASON YOU WANT THE SUGAR CONTENT TO COME UP.

AND OFTEN TIMES, WE LET THE RESISTANCE TO FROST WHICH 1 DEGREES -- BE CAREFUL IF IT FREEZES THOUGH, IF WE GET W 30, HE BETTER HAVE THOSE AS PICK.

SO THE BIG THING IS YOU WAO GO WELL INTO THE FALL BECAE THERE IS -- AS LONG ASHEIR GREEN LEAVES ON YOU WILL GA SWEETER APPLE.

BUT IF PEOPLE ASK HOW DO WW IF THERE RIGHT?

IF THEY COME OFF THE TREE READILY YOU DO NOT HAVE TOG THAT IS OFTEN A GOOD INDICN THAT SHE -- SEED SHOULD BEN AND SLICE INTO IT MAKE SURT HAS GOOD SUGAR CONTENT AS .

ANY APPLES ARE SEASON APPLE LET THEM GROW AS LONG AS TY CAN AND TAKE A FROST, BUT A FREEZE.

>> GOOD, HOW ABOUT CARROTS?

>> WE DO A LOT OF CARROTS.

JUST TRY THEM.

IT DEPENDS ON WHEN YOU SEAD THEM, HOW LONG THEY'VE BEE, YOU DO NOT WANT THEM TO GET WOODY, RIGHT NOW THE CARROE BEAUTIFUL FOR US.

>> THEY WILL TAKE A LOT OF FROST.

>>'S DOWN TO 28 DEGREES AT LEAST.

>> THEY CAN BE BUYING ANYTG ELSE THEY ARE STORING SUGAR RIGHT NOW.

THE LATER YOU GO WITH CARR, THE HIGHER THE SUGAR CONTE.

-- A LOT OF PEOPLE WILL GEO EARLY SNOW YOU CAN LEAVE TN OR MULCH THEM IN AND DIG TM THROUGH THE WINTER AS LONGS YOU DO NOT HAVE A FROST --D FREEZE IN.

>> IT IS PROTECTED.

>> CSO GO AS LONG AS YOU CN BECAUSE ONCE AGAIN, -- YEAO GO AS LONG AS YOU CAN BECAE ONCE AGAIN, YOU ARE INCREAG THE SUGAR CONTENT BECAUSE E PLANT IS STORING THROUGH TE WINTER.

>> OK. WE'LL BE BACK WITH MORE GRT GARDENING SHORTLY.

THIS SUR WE TRAVELED TO RISING PHOEX COMMUNITY FARM, WHERE WE SE WITH FARMERS WHO ARE RECENT LANDOWNERS.

>>I AM HEATHER MARIE BLOOM.

>>AND I'M JOHN HATCHER.

>> AND WE ARE AT RISING PHX COMMUNITY FARM.

>>IN BARNUM, MINNESOTA.

>>SO I STARTED THE FARM IN1 AND IN TEN YEARS MOVED FIVE TIMES TO DIFFERENT SPOTS WI COULD LEASE LAND.

AND THENN 2020, WE BOUGHT THIS LAND.

>>I JOINED HER AS A PARTNED A FARMING PARTNER, I GUESSN WHAT YEAR?

>>2018.

>>THANK YOU.

IN 2018 WHEN D MOVE HERE.

THIS WAS JUST A HAYFIELD.

AND THERE WAS NO FENCE.

THERE WAS NO NOTHING EXCEPT HAY.

>>WE HAVE 40 ACRES.

BUT WHS FENCED IN RIGHT HERE IS JUT UNDER TWO ACRES.

LAST SPRIE WERE PUTTING UP A FENCE.

WT UP THE HIGH TUNNEL AND THET TO WORK MAKING BEDS AND KIF MAKING KIND OF THE PERMANET PLOTS.

WE FARM IN WHAT'S CD A MARKET GARDEN APPROACH.

E DON'T USE A TRACTOR OR BIG EQUIPMENT.

WE HAVE A WALK BEHIND TRACR AND WE HAVE PLOTS.

SO WE HE FIVE PLOTS.

THEY'RE ALL THE SIZE.

THEY'RE 65 FEET BY 10 FEET.

THAT MAKES EVERYTHING UNIFORM SO THAT WE CAN ROTE THINGS WITHIN THE SEASON.

>>THIS MARKET GARDENING APH IS ONE THAT WAS USED IN EU, HAS BEEN USED IN EUROPE FOA LONG TIME, WHERE SPACE IS E AT A PREMIUM.

THERE'S A BUF NEW FARMS AND NEW FARMERS T JUST HAVE A GREAT PASSION A REAL GREAT SENSE OF COMMUN.

WE HAD SOME FRIENDS OF OURM FARM SOLE UP IN SAGINAW, CE OUT ON MONDAY AND HELPED UO SOME WEEDING AND DO SOME WK AND THEN WE'LL GO BACK TO R PLACE NEXT MONDAY.

AND SO WORKING WITH SOMEBO, EVEN THOUGH SIDE BY SIDE, T JUST HELPS YOU FEEL SUPPOR.

>>I DON'T KNOW IF THERE'S O MANY OTHER PROFESSIONS WHEE THAT HAPPENS, WHERE YOU'RED OF HELPING EACH OTHER OUT D MENTORING EACH OTHER AND COMMISERATING.

AND AND TH'S PRETTY SPECIAL.

>> WELL, ACCORDING TO, I TK LIKE THE USDA, A NEW FARMES WITHIN TEN YEARS.

AND SO, U KNOW, WE'RE SORT OF ON THE.

BUT I THINK BECAUSE WE'VE O START OVER, I'VE HAD TO STT OVER SO MANY TIMES, I FEELE I'M STILL KIND OF A NEW FA.

>>WELCOME BACK.

I'M SHARONG YOUR NEW HOST FOR GREAT GARDENING, AND I'D LIKE TOE A MOMENT TO INTRODUCE MYSE.

YOU MAY HAVE SEEN ME ON THE GREAT MINNESOTA RECIPE.

THIS IS WHERE I WAS ABLE TT AWESOME COOKS AROUND THE SE AND TASTE WONDERFUL FOOD.

AND I AM REALLY EXCITED TOE ABLE TO HOST WITH DEB AND B HERE.

I AM TRADITIONALLY AN INDOR GARDENER.

I HAVE NOT HAD A LOT OF SUS WITH OUTDOOR GARDENING I CT WAIT TO SHARE YOUR STORIESH EVERYBODY.

THANK YOU.

>> YOU ARE WELCOME.

-- I APPRECIATED HER COMMET ABOUT NEW FARMER.

I GUESS -- I THINK FOR MANF US WE ARE ALL NEW FARMERS.

[LAUGHTER] BECAUSE THINGS CHANGE ALL E TIME THINGS ARE ALWAYS DIFT WE SEE DIFFERENT CIRCUMSTAS WE ARE ALWAYS LEARNING THAS PART OF THE FUN.

WE DON'T KNOW WHAT IS COMID CONSEQUENTLY WHAT THE RESUS WILL BE.

WE ALL JUST KEEP LEARNING D ENJOY THE EXPERIENCE COME G WITH US AND WE WILL GET YOU HOOKED.

>> YOU, I AM ALREADY HOOKE.

LET'S GET BACK TO MORE QUESTIONS!

ROGER N S GOA STATES SAID S PLUM BLOOMED IN THE SPRINGN THEY SHRIVELED UP BEFORE RIPENING WHAT IS WRONG?

>> THAT IS WHAT WE CALL PLM POCKET WHICH IS A FORM OF DISEASE AND YOU SEE WHAT HE CALLED A SHRIVELING FRUIT S A POCKET AND ONCE AGAIN, HL WANT TO BE VERY CAREFUL ABT ALL THE LEAVES AND FRUIT AD MAKE SURE HE GETS THAT OFFE PREMISE IF HE CAN OR DEEP A COMPOST PILE -- AND BURNET0 DEGREES IT IS A FUNGAL -- D BURNT 140 DEGREES IT IS FUL -- AND WHERE THAT PARTICULR FUNGI.

>> WAS THERE ANYTHING HE CD HAVE DONE TO PREVENT THIS?

>> WITH ALL THESE FUNGAL INFECTIONS THEY ARE -- THEE FUNGICIDES THERE ARE PESTIS FOR THEM BUT WHEN MANY PEOE SEE THE RESULTS IT IS TOO .

IN MANY CASES, IN LESS YO'E GOING TO BE ROUTINELY SPRAG OR TRYING TO AVOID THE USEF ANY KIND OF PESTICIDES, MAR COMMERCIAL PRODUCERS ROUTIY USE FUNGICIDES AND PESTICIS AND SYSTEMIC'S BECAUSE THEY CANNOT RUN THE RISK IF THEE ONE CROP ONE YEAR AND THE T FOR MOST OF US, THAT IS THE TRADE-OFF FOR NOT FEELING COMPELLED TO USE PESTICIDEA REGULAR BASIS.

THE TRADE-OFF IS EVERYTHINT FOR THE MOST OF US IS GAR', AVOIDING THAT ONCE IN A WHE YOU WILL HAVE A PROBLEM LIE THAT.

IF IT IS REPETITIVE, YEAR R YEAR AFTER YEAR AND YOU'VEE ALL THE CULTURAL THINGS THU CAN TO PREVENT IT THEN YOUY HAVE TO RESORT TO SOME KINF PREVENTATIVE.

PESTICIDE PROGRAM.

>> YOU PROBABLY DIDN'T KNOT WAS THERE LAST YEAR COULD E GOTTEN SOME AND NOW HE WILW TO CLEAN IT UP -- AND HE WE ABLE TO TAKE CARE OF IT BE.

>> YEAH IT IS A GOOD WE WAO DO EVERYTHING WE CAN CULTU.

FOR THESE DISEASES WE BEEN TALKING ABOUT WE HAVE THREE ELEMENTS OF A SICK DISEASE TRIANGLE YOU HAVE THE HOSTN THIS CASE IT WAS A PLUM.

YOU HAVE THE DISEASE AGENTH IS THE FUNGI AND SPORES FLG THROUGH THE AIR AND THEN YU HAVE TO HAVE THE IDEAL CONDITIONS.

YOU NEED ALL THREE OF THOSE CONDITIONS TO COME TOGETHEF THEY COME TOGETHER LIKE THD FOR HIM THIS YEAR AND FOR E LIGHT IN NORTHERN ART OF OR BUICK -- OF OUR VIEWING AUE BUT ONE OUT OF THE THREE COMPONENTS IS USUALLY MISSO YOU DO NOT HAVE A PROBLEM.

>> DO NOT GIVE UP ROGER.

RIGHT?

ALL RIGHT, ROGER, A DIFFERT ROGER SENT US AN EMAIL.

ROGER SENT US AN EMAIL.OURE THIS YEAR WE PLANTED BEEFSK AND CHERRY TOMATOES THIS YR THE LEAVES OF THE PLANTS AE YELLOWING AND BROWNING AT E BOTTOM OF THE PLANTS.

ANY IDEA WHY?

WE WATER REGULARLY AND FERTILIZE.

>> IT IS A STEM PROBLEM I M THINKING DID HE SAY WHERE S THAT APT?

>> IT IS YELLOWING AT THE M OF THE PLANT.

>> HE DID NOT SAY WHERE HES AT?

IF HE IS FAR NORTH I WOULDN INTO THE LATE LIGHT.

>> THE LATE LIGHT WILL TAKT ALL DOWN.

IT TAKES IT DOWN IN FIVE DS WHICH IS REMARKABLE.

IN THIS CASE, HE HAS YELLOG LEAVES AND YELLOWING LEAVE- IS BREAKING DOWN.

MOST FUNGAL DISEASES GIVE E KIND OF ADDITIONAL SYMPTOM.

WE WILL SEE WHAT WE CALL BREAKDOWN TISSUE IN CHRONIC AREAS WE WILL SEE SPOTTINGA WHITE HALO THAT I SHOWED YN LATE BLIGHT.

SO I THINK WHAT IS HAPPENIG THERE IN THE SEASON IS THAE DID NOT GET THE PLANT OFF A GOOD-QUALITY START YOU WANA PLANT THAT IS NOT STRESSEDR OVERGROWN.

YOU WANT TO HAVE PHOSPHORUN PARTICULAR BECAUSE THAT HES NOT JUST SO MUCH WITH GROWH WHICH YOU READ VERY MANY PS THAT IS NITROGEN.

BUT IT HELPS SET THE PLANTO RESIST DISEASE.

SO HE WANTS TO MAKE SURE TE HAS GOOD PHOSPHORUS, POTAS, AND NOT TOO MUCH NITROGEN.

GET THE PLANT OFF TO A GOOW -- GROWTH EARLY.

>> SO IT IS STRONG.

>> SO IT IS STRONG AND THE EARLIEST DAY IS JUNE 20 SOY JUNE 20 YOU NEED TO HAVE A, HEALTHY OUT THERE AND THAT REDUCES -- PRODUCES A STROG CROP.

I THINK THE PLANT GOT IN LE AND THEY ARE NOT HEALTHY PS AND HE WILL DO BETTER NEXT.

BASICALLY WHAT HE IS DESCR, WE LIKE THE QUESTIONS WE AE GETTING WITH DETAIL.

LET'S YEAH THERE -- >> YEAY MUCH.

>> I HAVE A LARGE PERENNIAL GARDEN AND FULL SUN AND THE OF HIS GARDEN I HAVE A QUIK FIRE HYDRANGEA THAT IS INVD WITH FLIES.

THE MAJORITY OF THE FLIES N THE HYDRANGEA BUT ALSO ON Y ANNUALS.

IN WINDOW BOXES, SHRUBS, IE YARD.

WE'VE TRIED -- EARTH AND HG OUTDOOR FLY TRAPS THERE ARE LITERALLY THOUSANDS OF FLI.

WE HAVE SEARCHED FOR ANY DD ANIMALS AND NONE ARE BEAD O BE FOUND NO GARDEN RECEPTAS NEAR THE GARDEN THERE IS IRRIGATION IN THE GARDEN.

I DIDST READ BONE MEAL IN E GARDEN AND COVERED IT WITHO AND THREE INCHES OF COMPOST THE FLIES DID NOT APPEAR UA COUPLE'S AGO PLEASE HELP.

THINK YOU MARY JO.

>> WOW.

THE BIG THING IS ARE THEY G ANY DAMAGE?

MOST OF THE DAMAGE OCCURS M THE LOWER FOREARM -- FORM F INDEX -- INSECTS.

-- LATE IN THE FALL LIKE T, WE WILL SEE THAT.

AND THE HYDRANGEA -- QUICKE ARE WE SEEING ANY DAMAGE TE LEAF?

>> ANY OF IT OR IS IT JUSTE TISSUE?

>> IS IT JUST AN ANNOYANCEE THAN ANYTHING ELSE?

A LOT OF THE ADULTS TO NOTO ANYTHING ELSE IT IS THOSE Y TEENAGERS THAT DO THE DAMA.

[LAUGHTER] >> GREAT WELL THANK YOU.

WELL CONTINUING OUR THEME F , FARMERS, WE SPOKE TO MEMS OF THE DULUTH YOUNG FARMERS COALITION ABOUT WHAT IT'S E TO BE PART OF A FARMING COLLECTIVE.

>>MY NAME IS EVAN FLOM, A'M THE CAMPAIGN COMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATE FOR THE NATIONALG FARMERS COALITION.

SO THE NATIONAL YOUNG FARMERS COAN IS A NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONE MISSION IS TO SHIFT POLICYO CREATE EQUITABLE CHANGE FOE NEXT GENERATION OF YOUNG FS IN THE COUNTRY.

AS A NATIOL ORGANIZATION, WE STARTED I0 AND WE HAVE ABOUT 50 OR SO CHAPTERS ACROSS THE COUNTRT ARE FARMER LED.

AND AS A PART OF THAT NETW, OUR DULUTH YOUNG FARMERS CR STARTED IN 2015.

OUR FACEBK GROUP HAS ABOUT 460 MEMBERD THAT'S JUST FOLKS SHARING RESOURCES, ASKING QUESTION, PROMOTING EVENTS.

SO AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL, THE YOUNG FARMERS COALITION IS ADVOCG FOR A NUMBER OF THINGS.

OUR BIGGEST POLICY CAMPAIGN RIT NOW IS OUR LAND ACCESS CAM, AND SO WE ARE WORKING WITHA NUMBER OF FELLOWS ACROSS TE COUNTRY, SEBASTIAN BEING OF THEM.

>>MY NAME IS SEBASTIAN WOO.

I'M A FARM WORKER.

I WORK A LOCAL FARM HERE IN DULUTH, FAIRHAVEN FARM.

I AM A MEMF THE YOUNG FARMERS COALITIO.

I'VE BEEN ABLE TO CONNECT A LARGE COMMUNITY OF LOCAL FS AND THEN ALSO JUST REGIONAL FARMERS.

I THINK THAT MOST FARMERS WOULD AGREE THAT, , IT'S IMPORTANT TO MAKE MON, BUT IT'S ALSO IMPORTANT TOE A COMMUNITY AROUND YOUR FO.

AND I THINK MOST FARMS WO'T VIEW THEMSELVES AS COMPETI, BUT MORE OF LIKE, HOW CAN E WORK TOGETHER TO MAKE MONER EVERYONE AND TO MAKE GOOD D FOR EVERYONE?

AS A LAND ADY FELLOW.

I AM WORKING WITH E NATIONAL YOUNG FARMERS COAN TO BRING ABOUT CHANGE WITHE 2023 FARM BILL.

SO THE 202M BILL, WE HOPE TO JUST MAKEO THAT EQUITABLE LAND ACCESSS ALLOWED AND THAT THE HANDIG DOWN OF FARMLAND GOES SMOOY AND EQUITABLY.

HISTORICALLY, FARMLAND HASN A MAJORITY WHITE OWNED, AND HISTORICALLY THE MAJORITY F FARM LABOR HAS NOT BEEN WH.

SO THERE'S A BALANCE THERET NEEDS TO BE CORRECTED.

A LF OLDER FARMERS ARE TIRING AD ARE LEAVING THE INDUSTRY.

E NEED YOUNG FARMERS TO TAKER THAT SO THAT WE STILL HAVES GOING.

>>DEB, YOU WANTED TO TALK S ABOUT FALL CLEANUP?

>> RIGHT RIGHT NOW IS A GOD TIME TO GET STARTED ON FALL CLEANUP FOR NEXT YEAR.

THE FIRST THING YOU CAN DOS REMOVE PLANTS, DEBRIS, ANYG THAT COULD BE DISEASE OR CD HAVE TEST PROBLEM'S OROWDEY MILDEW AND REMOVE THAT.

YOU CAN REMOVE IT BUT DO NT IT IN YOUR COMPOST I'LL.

MOVE IT OFF SITE YOU CAN HA BURN FILE YOU CAN GET RID .

SOME PEOPLE DO SEND IT IN E COMPOSTED WITH THE CITY, BY TO TAKE GOOD CARE OF THAT D GET THAT OUT.

NUMBER TWO, GET YOUR, MOSTE COOKING GET IT STARTED AT MATERIAL AND DO THE CHOP AD DROP.

THE SPIT MATERIAL UP AND SD IT IN YOUR GARDEN THAT WILE EXTRA NITROGEN IN THE SPRI.

NUMBER THREE, YOU CAN WEEDE LAST TIME.

DO A GOOD JOB LEADING GET EVERYTHING OUT BEFORE IT GO SEE TO GET THE SEED WEED OF THERE.

IT IS MUCH OF THE MASS OUTF YOU HAVE PERENNIAL WEEDS AD THAT WILL HELP YOU IN THE G TO GET GOING.

YOU CAN PLOT OUT YOUR NEW GARDENS AND TAKE NOTES AND PICTURES -- THIS DID WELL S DID NOT DO WELL HERE LET'SE IT AND PUT THIS COMBINATION TOGETHER.

OR YOU SAW THINGS ELSEWHERH MY GOSH THERE ARE GOOD -- BEAUTIFUL GARDENS OUT THERU CAN EMULATE THEM AND STARTO PLAN THEM AND SCOUT THE GRS WHERE YOU WANT TO MAKE A GN AND ADD PAPER, REEVES, AUL, COMPOST AND GET THE GARDENS READY TO GO.

YOU CAN SAVE YOUR LEAVES AE YOUR LEAVES YOU CAN COMPASM BUT YOU CAN ALSO ADD THEM O YOUR GARDENS NOW AND IT WIL GIVE YOU A LITTLE OF WINTER PROTECTION.

AND NUMBER SIX, U NEED TO PROTECT YOUR TREES FROM RO.

WITH CLOTH WHETHER IT IS WE -- RIGHT AROUND THE TREE AD SECURE IT SO YOU DO NOT GER BIG FENCES FOR THE BIG RODS OR DEER.

AND YOU CAN PROTECT -- YOUD TO HAVE YOUR TREES PROTECTY NOW.

NUMBER SEVEN, START YOUR SL COMPOST ENRICHMENT.

YOU CAN ADD ORGANIC MATERIO YOUR SOIL.

MANURE ORGANIC MATERIALS YN ADD THAT TO THE TOP OF YOUR GARDENS.

NUMBER EIGHT, CONSIDER -- R THE NEXT YEAR.

TAKE NOTE OF WHAT WENT WEL.

YOU SHOULD HAVE A 3-4-YEARP ROTATION WITH YOUR SIMILAR FAMILY VEGETABLES FOR VEGEE GARDENS AND THAT HELPS IN E FIRST PIECE BECAUSE THEY RE AND THAT GETS RID OF A LOTF DISEASE PRESSURE.

NUMBER NINE, DO A SOIL TES.

RIGHT NOW IS THE PERFECT TO DO A SOIL TEST.

YOU GO IN YOUR GARDEN, WHEE EVER YOU WANT TO HAVE SOIL TESTED AND YOU TAKE LITTLE NIECES FROM THE GARDEN ANDA PUT IT IN A BAG YOU CAN GEA BAG FROM MINNESOTA EXTENSIN AGENT AND THEY CAN SEND THO A UNIVERSITY AND THEY WILLN THE TEST AND THEY WILL LETU KNOW WHAT YOU NEED IN A TIY MANNER SO YOU CAN GET THATE BEFORE NEXT YEAR AND YOU HE ONE THING DONE BEFORE THE SPRING.

AND NUMBER 10, YOU CAN PLAT GARLIC A LITTLE BIT LATER D FALL BALLS AND PERENNIALS T THOSE ARE THINGS TO PLAN FR NOW.

YOU CAN DO PERENNIALS NOW S A GOOD TIME TO DO PEONIES U CAN GET BOWLS AND DO THEM .

AND NUMBER 11, TOOLS AND ST LIKE YOUR CAGES AND THINGST THOSE CLEANED AND READY FOR SPRING SO YOU ARE AHEAD OFE GAME WHEN YOU GET STARTED E SPRING.

>> THAT IS A GREAT LIST.

DO I HAVE ENOUGH TIME IN TY TO GET IT ALL DONE?

>> WE HAVE FALL.

YOU GET THRGH TONIGHT AND N WE HAVE THREE MORE WEEKS NT THAT WE DO NOT HAVE ENOUGHO IN THE GARDEN PRESERVING AF THESE WONDERFUL -- IT IS AG TO GET AHEAD FOR NEXT YEAR.

>> SO MANY OF US HAVE BEEN- DISEASE PRESSURE AND WE WAO AVOID THE PESTICIDES SO --I THINK THAT WAS GREAT COMMED ALL THE DETRIMENT OFF.

THE REASON WE DO NOT WANT O INCORPORATE A LOT OF THE S- HOWEVER, WE HAVE SEEN SOMEH LATE BLIGHT OR -- IN THE SE HAVE A FEW WHAT THEY CALL S -- AND THEY ARE MUCH MORE DIFFICULT TO GET RID OF.

SO WE WILL TAKE EVERYTHINGF AND IF YOU DO COMPOST AT 10 DEGREES GET IT DEEP IN THEE AND IF YOU DO NOT GET IT AY FROM YOUR PROPERTY SOMEWHE.

>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.

THANKS DEB.

LET'S GET BACK TO MORE QUESTIONS!

PERFECT QUESTION WITH VIENE SHEILA ASKED FROM DULUTH, Y FLOWERS HAVE PRODUCED FEWER BLOOMS EACH YEAR SHOULD I T AND SPLIT THEM IN SEPTEMBE?

HOW WOULD I KNOW THEY ARE T BOUND?

>> REBOUND YOU WOULD SEE A DOUGHNUT I SUPPOSE THAT GENERALLY YOU DO NOT.

AND DEFINITELY, YOU CAN PLE YOUR PNE IS NOW.

YOU CAN DIVIDE THEM AND GEM MOVE NOW.

AND IS IT A SON LOCATION OA CANOPY ISSUE?

IS IT SHADE?

HOW OLD ARE THE PLANTS TO K IF IT'S BEEN LESS AND LESSD LESS THE LAST THREE YEARS,T WAS HOT LAST YEAR AND THENT WAS BETTER THIS YEAR FOR PE BLOOM.

>> GREAT TIME TO MOVE THEM.

TREES GROW AND WE GET MOREE AND THESE ARE PLANTS THAT .

IF YOU CAN THEM THERE.

MOVING THEM, THE ONE THINGU WANT TO REMIND PEOPLE IS TT YOU WILL BE DIGGING THE ROP AND YOU WANT TO GET -- THES IN TWO DEEP TWO OR THREE FS BELOW THE SOIL OTHERWISE TY WILL NOT BLOOM.

IF YOU'RE MOVING THEM TO AW LOCATION DO NOT PLANT THEMO DEEP.

>> PERFECT GOOD QUESTION.

TERESA FROM OVER AURORA.

CAN I MOVE 8 -- THIS FALL O I NEED TO WAIT UNTIL SPRIN?

>> YOU CAN MOVE IT NOW IT S EARLY AND LATE FALL.

IF YOU HAVE YOUR CHOICE, EY SPRING TRANSPLANTING FOR CK SHRUBS IS BEST BECAUSE YOUE A WHOLE GROWING SEASON COM.

BUT WE HAVE A WARM FALL THS THE SECOND-BEST BEST TIME Y GO AHEAD AND VISIT.

>> BUT IF SHE IS GOING TO E IT SHE SHOULD TRY TO TRIM T BACK AND GET IT TO MATCH TE SIZE WITH THE ROUTE BECAUSU WILL NOT GET AS MUCH FRUITS YOU SHOULD WITH THAT.

DEPENDING ON HOW MUCH ROOTU GET WITH THAT YOU CAN TRIMT BACK TO MAKE IT EASIER ON T WHEN YOU TRANSPLANT AND OTHERWISE THE PLANT WILL TE CARE OF IT ITSELF AND YOU L HAVE DIED BACK IN THE SPRIT YOU CAN GET AROUND THAT HES NOT HAVE TO, BUT IT CAN HEP SHRUB RIGHT NOW AND WATER T REALLY WELL WHEN YOU PUT I.

>> BRIDGET FROM WINCHELL KN APPLE TREE THAT IS 20 OR 40 YEARS OLD BE PRUNED?

THEY ARE TOO BIG AND HAVE T BEEN PRUNED IN YEARS OR EV.

>> THEY CAN BE IT IS A JOB.

WHAT I WOULD SUGGEST IS YOT TO TAKE OUT OLDER TISSUE AU WANT MORE SUNLIGHT PENETRA.

DO IT OVER A THREE-YEAR PE.

TAKE OFF A LITTLE BIT WARMP PRUNED BACK TO EXISTING MOS OR BRANCH ONE TYPE OF OUR ANOTHER TAKE OFF ABOUT ONED OF WHAT WE WANT TO OPEN UPD DO THAT OVER A THREE-YEAR PERIOD.

THEY CALL THAT PRUNING -- S DIFFERENT THAN WHAT WE AREG WHEN THE TREE IS YOUNG BUTT WILL HELP THE PRODUCTION OE TREE.

>> AND IT MAY ALSO HELP WIH PEOPLE HAVE A BLOOM.

AND THIS YEAR PEOPLE HAVE G OF BLOOM AND NEEDED TO TAKE APPLE WEIGHT OFF SO THEY CD GET A GOOD BLOOM NEXT YEAR.

>> GREAT.

MIKE FROM AURORA ASKED WHAT FOOLPROOF ROSES DO YOU RECD FOR HIS AREA?

>> WHAT WE TALKED ABOUT CHY DRIES >> YET IT IS A CLIMB.

>> WE HAVE MORE DEALERS THT WILL BE HAVING THAT IN SUPD NEXT YEAR.

IT IS IN THE MARKET AND ITS ACTUALLY DEVELOPED HERE BUI THINK THE SEALS ARE BETTERN THE WEST COAST.

THERE IS A PROPAGATOR OUT E AND I THINK WE'VE GOT TO BG IT BACK HOME AGAIN.

THAT IS ONE AND WE LOVE THE SHRUB ROSES.

WE HAVE A CANADIAN SERIES E ARE MANY THAT ARE VERY GOO.

THEY ARE BASICALLY TROUBLEE AND EASY TO GROW.

>> -- ABOVE AND BEYOND FORA LARGER ROSE.

AND WHEN A BIG PARKS -- WHA BIG PARKS -- THEY REALLY N. >> SPEAK CAREFUL OF THE ROS WITH HOOPS.

THEY SEEM TO IGNORE THE FAT THAT THERE IS A LITTLE BIT- BARB.

>> UP NEXT, WE CHAT ABOUT S WITH SOLFED FARM AND RISING PHOENIX RMS YET AGAIN.

TAKA LOOK!

>>MY NAME IS LIZ STROHMAYED YOU'RE AT SOLFED FARM JUST OUTSIDE OF DULUTH, MINNESOO MOST PEOPLE ARE PROBABLY FAMILIAR WITH LIKE IN YOURE GARDEN, THEY TILL UP A SPO, THEY PUT THEIR SEEDS IN ARD THE FIRST PART OF JUNE, ANN THEY KIND OF WAIT OR THEY'T IN THEIR TRANSPLANTS AND TN THEY KIND OF WAIT AND THEY HARVEST AS THINGS COME UP BECAUSE WE'RE A CSA AND BEE WE HAVE TO OFFER FOOD EVERY SINGLE WEEK TO CUSTOMERS AE GO TO A FARMER'S MARKET TOE HAVE TO MAKE SURE THAT WE E PRODUCE EVERY SINGLE WEEK.

AND SO IN ORDER TO HAVE THT PROCESS HAPPEN, WE NOT ONLE TO START A BUNCH OF SEED IE TO GET THINGS TO TO SPROUTD GROW AND BE READY FOR HARV.

BY THE TIME THE CSA START'S CALLED SUCCESSION PLANTINGI START GREEN BEANS, FOR EXA, IS A WARM WEATHER CROP.

T'E NOT VERY FROST TOLERANT.

SI HAVE TO WAIT UNTIL EARLY PF JUNE TO PUT THOSE IN AND TN I'LL WAIT TWO WEEKS AND I'T IN ANOTHER ROUND AND THEN'L WAIT TWO MORE WEEKS AND I'T IN ANOTHER ROUND.

SO THEN LATER ON IN THE SE, WHEN THEY'RE READY TO HARV, I'VE GOT A FLUSH OF GREEN S FOR A WEEK OR TWO AND THENA LITTLE BIT OF A LULL AND TN ANOTHER FLUSH OF GREEN BEAO I CAN HAVE A CONTINUAL HART THAT WAY.

>>YES, WE HAVE A FARMSTANDT WE ARE CSAS AND PEOPLE BUYO IT LIKE A CO-OP.

THEY PAY P FRONT.

IT'S A SHARED RISK .

>>A LOT OF OUR CUSTOMERS LN DULUTH AND SO WE DELIVER VEGETABLES.

THEY ARE WEEKL.

-- VEGETABLES THERE WEEKLY.

>>WE DO 17 WEEKS WORTH OF VEGGIES AND THAT'S NOT A NW MODEL.

CSAS HAVE BEEN AROUR A REALLY LONG TIME, BUT THE ARE A NUMBER OF US.

THERE'S ABOUT 12 OF US IN THE NORTD BETWEEN NORTHERN MINNESOTAD NORTHERN WISCONSIN, AND W'E STARTED A GUILD AND IT'S TA GUILD.

WE STARTED IT, YOU , JUST FOR BEING ABLE TO TALO SOMEBODY AND COMMISERATE AD SHARE KIND OF UPS AND DOWN.

IT'S NICE JUST TO HAVE THAT COMMUNITY OF FARMERS.

WE'RE LUCKY ENOUGH THAT THE MEMBS THAT I HAVE HAD SINCE 2011Y OF THEM ARE STILL WITH US.D SO I'M VERY PROUD OF THAT,T WE'VE KEPT THAT CUSTOMER B.

BUT I'M ALSO REALLY PROUD L THE NEW CUSTOMERS AND PEOPO SHOW UP EVERY FRIDAY AND AD SAY, WHAT DO YOU HAVE FOR S THIS WEEK?

>>DEB, YOU HAVE CANNA SEEDO SHOW US?

>> I DO.

CANNAS ARE A GREAT FLOWER U CAN USE THEM AND A LOT OF ARRANGEMENTS THESE ARE SAD- LAST NIGHT YOU HAD A FROSTI WENT OUT AND PICKED CANNASY SEEDS -- THE SEEDS ARE LARD THEY ARE EASY TO HARVEST.

YOU N CUT THIS SEED BACK AD CUT THE WHOLE STOCK BACK AT THEM DRY AND THEN POP THEMT EASILY OUT OF THEY ARE A LE DRY -- THE HUSKS THAT THEYE IN AND THIS IS HOW BIG THES ARE.

SO WHAT WE DO IS IN MARCH N -- SCRATCH THEM OR YOU CANN PUT THEM IN BOILING WATER A MOMENT AND THEY WILL POP AD THENOUR CANNA WILL BREAK FM THAT AND YOU GET A BEAUTIFL CANNA.

THEY ARE MUCH MORE SENSITIO FROST WHEN THEY COME FROM D AND GOAT IN MAY YOU WANT TT THEM OUT IF THEY ARE CANNA.

BUT NEXT FALL YOU WILL HAVA CANNOT ROOT AND THIS WILL T THE SEASON AGAIN.

AND HUMMINGBIRDS WILL GO CY FOR CANNAS ONE OF THE BEST THINGS FOR HUMMINGBIRDS.

>> NICE TIPS.

>>LET'S GET TO MORE QUESTI!

>> -- HOW TO OVERWINTER ROSEBUSHES.

-- IF IT IS A HEARTY ONE TE IS NOT A LOT YOU HAVE TO DH THEM.

YOU CAN MULCH THEM A LITTLT INTO THE FALL FOR A LITTLET OF PROTECTION IN THE GROUNT IF THEY ARE NONHYBRID FLORD -- AND YOU HAVE THE ONES TT ARE NOT HEARTY, YOU CAN DOE MINNESOTA TO.

YOU DIG THEM UP AND THEN YG UP GRAVE BASICALLY FOR THED LAY THEM DOWN INTO THE SOID YOU COVER THEM UP AND YOU T TO GET A GOOD FOOT OVER THP OF THEM BECAUSE YOU WANT TE FROST LINE TO GO THROUGH AD KEEP THEM CONSISTENT BECAUE GROUND TEMPERATURE IS BASIY 55 DEGREES IF YOU GET THEMN TO THE FROST LINE AND THENU CAN TILT THEM BACK UP IN TE SPRING.

SOME PEOPLE WINTER THEM INA BARN OR SHED THAT WILL NOTT BEW ZERO DEGREES.

YOU CAN DO THAT AS WELL.

MINNESOTA TIP IS A GREAT WO DO THAT THERE IS GOOD INSTRUCTIONS ON THE -- DOIG MINNESOTA TIP THAT IS -- TE ONES THAT ARE NOT HARDY BUE HARDY ONES THEY ARE EASY EXTREMELY EASY.

>> THEY ARE PROBABLY IN WISCONSIN AS WELL.

CAN I GIVE YOU ONE TIP SO'E DIGGING AND YOU ARE BURYINM MAKE SURE YOU PUT A STRAINN THEIR SO YOU KNOW WHERE YOU BURIED THEM.

AND STAKE THEM BECAUSE SOMS THEY ARE HD TO FIND YOU KNW WHERE YOU PUT THEM BUT YOU CANNOT FIND THEM IN THE SP.

>> I HAD A PERSON TELL ME Y WOULD GROW THEM IN A BOX AL SUMMER AND DID A TRENCH ANT THEM AND WHEN IT PUSHED UPT THEY KNEW IT WAS TIME TO CP IT WAS LIKE A LITTLE HEADSN COMING OUT THEM POPPING UP.

>> THAT IS INTERESTING.

>> THAT IS GREAT.

I LOVE THAT.

BOB -- WHAT IS THE BEST MED TO REMOVE RASPBERRY PLANTS PERMANENTLY?

>> OH.

WELL, YEAH YOU ARE EITHER G TO HAVE TO GET IN THERE ANT DIG.

PEOPLE HAVE OPTIONS IF YOUT TO USE LIKE THE SEED -- THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT -- YOU C- THAT IS A POSSIBILITY TO WE EVERYTHING OUT.

OR HE WILL JUST HAVE TO DIG EVERYTHING.

SO THEY GOT AN UNDERGROUND SYSTEM THERE AND IT ALL HAO COME OUT.

THEY WILL NOT BE TOO DIFFIT TO REMOVE.

>> IT IS A GOOD TIME TO DOA REALLY GOOD TIME TO DO IT.

>> IT'S A LOT OF DIGGING IT SEEMS LIKE THERE'S A LITTLE DIGGING ACTIVITY CALL TO GARDENING ISN'T THERE?

MORE TO FARMING WE LEARN T. >> AND NOW, LET'S TAKE A LT PHOTOS YOU, OUR VIEWERS, ST IN.

HERE'S THE LOCAL DIRT.

>>LET'S SEE WHAT'S GROWINGN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD WITH THEL DIRT.

EVAN AND RACHEL LONGT US THREE PHOTOS.

FIRST UP,A FLOURISHING PINK CLEMATIS,N A BEAUTIFUL RED TIGER.

LILD -- TIGERLILY AND FINALLY, E POPPIES.

AND TERRY NORTON T US PLENTY OF PHOTOS.

LET'SE A LOOK.

♪ >>THANKS FOR THE AMAZING P, TERRY.

SEND US PHOTOS FROMR GARDENS.

EMAIL US AT GREAT GARDENING AT WDSE.ORG.

ANDT COULD SHOW UP ON AIR OR INSTAGRAM.

>>BOB, YOU WANTED TO TALK T TWO EVENTS ON OUR COMMUNITY CALENDAR?

>> YEAH WE HAD A COUPLE THS COMING UP HERE -- WE HAVE E FULL PLANT AND MULCH SALE.

THEY PUT IN A TREMENDOUS AT OF EFFORT.

THEY HAVE 2000 COMING IN TE SPRING BLOOMING WOLVES.

THEY MADE AN EFFORT -- WOL.

--BULBS.

THERE WILL BE A DISCUSSION AND QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOTH REVIEW.

THERE WILL BE FREE WORKINGT WILL BE A GREAT EVENT.

AND ON OCTOBER 8, YOU WANTO PUT THESE IN THE GROUND FOR OCTOBER 15 SO THE TIMING IS PERFECT.

THE OTHER THING WE HAVE COG UP IS A GARDEN FEST EVENT.

WE'VE DONE THIS IN THE PASE WILL FEATURE TOMATOES AND .

THAT WILL BE A GOOD ATTENDE OCTOBER 20 ST. LAURENT'S CH IN PIEDMONT.

CENTRALLY LOCATED IT IS A N ACTIVITY.

THERE -- YOU CAN CALL THE Y EXTENSION OFFICE 733-2720 T FOR MORE DETAILS.

AND -- PREPARING A NUMBER F DISHES FOR THE -- YOU GET A RECIPE BOOK AND A RESOURCEK AND YOU GET PEOPLE'S CHOICO CONTENT IT IS A FUN EVENT.

>> IT SOUNDS WONDERFUL.

LET'S WRAP THINGS UP WITH E QUESTIONS!

PAT FROM DULUTH ASKS WHAT S -- FRONT ON TOMATOES?

CAN YOU EAT THEM?

AND THEY GOING TO COME WHO- COMPOST IF THEY CANNOT BE ?

>> IT IS A WATER ISSUE.

>> IF YOU BREAK IT DOWN ITS BLOSSOMING WE HAVE TO HAVEA RIGHT TOMATO.

ON THE BLOSSOM END, THE TIE BREAKS DOWN IT IS NOT A DIE IT IS BECAUSE FROM CALCIUM DEFICIENCY OF THERE WAS NOT ENOUGH CALCIUM IN THE SOILR DID NOT GET TRANSPORTED WIH REGULAR WATER.

CUT IT OFF IT IS NOT DISEAU THE REST OF THE TOMATO TRYO COLLECT -- CORRECT YOUR CAM DEFICIENCY GOING FORWARD.

>> CAN SUPPLEMENTS FOR HUMS LIKE MAGNESIUM, IRON, ETC.B DISSOLVED INPUT INTO COMPO?

>> I DO NOT KNOW WHY YOU WD DO THAT BUT YOU WILL PAY FT -- IT IS VERY EXPENSIVE AND THOSE ARE TRACE NUTRIENTS E GENERALLY HAVE TRACE NUTRIS IN OUR SODIUM IF YOU'RE WOD ABOUT COMPOST PILE YOU NEED NITROGEN TO GET THINGS GOID OTHER CHARACTERISTICS.

WE REALLY DO NOT NEED TO SUPPLEMENT OR ADD ANYTHING.

JUST COMPOST AND GOOD TECHS AND IT WILL TAKE OFF FOR Y.

NEXT BACK TO BASICS.

>> DIANE NGUYEN CAN LIMBS E BOTTOM OF A BIRCH TREE BE TRIMMED?

>> BIRCH IS BLEACHED SO PRY VERY LATE WINTER IS THE BET TIME TO TAKE THOSE OFF IT L THEN A BLEEDING.

ALL OF THESE YOU DO NOT WAO PRUNE THEM IN THE GROWING N BECAUSE IT WILL CAUSE ISSUS INVOLVED WITH THAT SO WAITL IT IS DORMANT.

THE BEST TIME IS REALLY EN.

MAYBE IN LATE MARCH EARLY .

>> GOOD QUESTION.

MARY FROM FLOODWOOD ONCE TW WHAT TO DO ABOUT RUNNERS OS STRAWBERRY PLANTS.

>> DOES HE WANT TO SAVE THM DOES HE WANT TO -- I MEAN I WOULD GO -- DAUGHTERS RUNNS AND PUT THEM INTO A NEW ROR STARTING A NEW ROW.

WE LOVE TO START A NEW ROWN THE GREENHOUSE.

IT IS BIG AND CONCISE FOR SPURRING.

YOU CAN BRING THE MEN AND T THEM IN THE SOIL AND GIVE A HEAD START.

>> YET GENERALLY THESE JUNE FAIRIES CAN CUT ALL THE RU.

-- YOU WANT TO POST PLANTSO MULTIPLY YOU CAN LET THEM R IF YOU HAVE PLENTY, RUINEDM LIKE THAT AND PLANT THEM U.

>> YOU CAN GIVE THEM.

>> LATE THIS YEAR ON TOMATO PLANTS.

[INDISCERNIBLE] WILL IT HAPPEN AND HOW TO PREVENT IT?

>> WE SAW THAT AGAIN IV EXPERIENCE THE SAME THING O NOT KNOW IT ALL.

IN PERFECT CONDITIONS, WE E WARM TEMPERATURES THAT WILL SUPPRESS THAT WE SEE THESE INFECTIONS EVERY 10-20 YEAO I I WOULD EXPECT WEATHER CONDITIONS TO BE DIFFERENTI WOULD NOT BE CONCERNED ANDI WOULD CLEAN UP EVERYTHING D NOT BEAR IN THE GROUND.

I WOULD GET OFF-SITE ALL TE DETERIORATED MATERIAL.

>> ESPECIALLY POTATOES GETT EVERY LAST ONE OF THEM.

>> DID YOU SEE A LOT OF TH?

>> YET WE SAW A LOT OF THA.

WE HAVE TOMATOES AND POTAT.

IT'S INTERESTING BECAUSE YO NOT SEE IT AND THERE ARE SE RACES OF FUNGI NOW THAT WIL ATTACK POTATOES OR ONLY TOMATOES.

SOME ATTACK BOTH.

IT IS A VERY DESTRUCTIVE DISEASE.

I WOULD NOT WORRY ABOUT ITR NEXT YEAR BECAUSE WE NOT ST CONSECUTIVELY THERE IS USUA GAP.

>> INTERESTING.

MIKE FROM -- THE TOWN OF WHITEHOUSE CAN YOU PREPARE HONEYSUCKLE AND HYDRANGEA R WINTER?

>> OK SO, HONEYSUCKLE AND HYDRANGEA -- THE HONEYSUCKE SHOULD HAVE SET UP BUDS SOU DO NOT WANT TO DO ANYTHINGT IT IS ABSOLUTELY FINE IT IS HEARTY.

AND THE HYDRANGEA IT DEPENN THE HYDRANGEA IT IS WOOD AD WOOD.

IT DEPENDS ON WHAT IT ON YU HAVE TO LOOK INTO THAT IN E VARIETY SPECIFIC FOR WHAT O WITH THAT.

>> GREAT.

THANK YOU ALL FOR TUNING IO GREAT GARDENING!

IF YOU WAT MORE, YOU CAN SUBSCRIBE TON YOUTUBE AT YOUTUBE.COM/GREATGARDENINGD LIKE WDSE-WRPT ON FACEBOOK.

IF YOU MISSED ANY PART OF S SHOW, IT WILL BE POSTED ONR YOUTUBE CHANNEL AND THE PBS VIDEO APP TOMORROW.

THANKSB AND DEB.

IT WAS GREAT TO WORK WITH U TONIGHT.

>> GOOD QUESTIONS EVERYBOD.

>> IT WAS GREAT TO WORK WIU AS WELL.

>> WE'LL BE BACK IN APRIL F 2022 FOR MORE EPISODES AND GARDENING TIPS AND TRICKS R THE VIEWERS AT HOME!

TNKS R STAYING WITH GREAT GARDENIR 20 YEARS!

FROM ALL OF US H, THANK YOU, AND ENJOY THE G. ♪