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♪ opening music ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ <Amanda> Good evening and welcome to Making It Grow .

We're so glad that you can join us tonight.

I'm Amanda McNulty.

I'm a Clemson Extension agent, and I get to come over here with smart people and learn something every week because it's just wonderful to have them come and help us out, and of course, we can't do anything without my co-host Terasa Lott.

Terasa, thank you so much, and you have a day job, too.

<Terasa> Yes, I think with all Extension employees, we wear many hats, but I am very fortunate to work for Extension and to be able to coordinate the Master Gardener program that is a part of our outreach mechanism.

So they help us to reach more people.

<Amanda> Yep, and sitting next to you is Christopher Burtt, and Christopher, you have three of the biggest and fastest growing counties in the state, I think.

<Christopher> Close to it.

I mean, we're definitely growing as fast as we can.

<Amanda> - because you're Berkeley, Charleston and Dorchester.

<Christopher> Correct, yes.

<Amanda> - and so I imagine that Master Gardeners help you get information to people who call in or go into places.

<Christopher> They're a tremendous help without them.

I don't think I could do half of what I do.

<Amanda> Yeah.

Yeah.

Well, I'm so glad that you've got good, smart people and that they've been well trained.

Thank you so much, and Jackie Jordan, Fairfield, Kershaw and Richland.

And everybody's growing all over the place now, I think.

<Jackie> Yeah, yeah.

<Amanda> Yeah, and you also have some flower farms, I think, and that's kind of fun.

Is that that's kind of new.

<Jackie> It is.

It is.

It's fun to go work with the different flower farmers.

So I enjoy that.

Yeah.

<Amanda> And I guess you don't have to have a huge amount of acreage to do that.

<Jackie> No, some of them have just, you know, a half acre plot that they're growing their flowers on.

Some of them have a little bit more.

<Amanda> - but it is fun.

<Jackie> Yeah.

Oh, yeah.

And then, Hannah, you are on agronomy agent.

Hannah Mikell, and agronomists are the people who help people with field crops mostly.

Is that right?

<Hannah> That's correct.

<Amanda> Corn and wheat and soybeans.

<Hannah> Yes.

So if you ever see 'em mass produced and they're all straight in a row, a row crop agent.

(both laugh) <Amanda> Oh, because they're in rows.

<Hannah> Yeah.

<Amanda> I never, I never knew.

Well, when I took agronomy at Clemson he said you're a soil scientist.

<Hannah> Oh yeah.

Yeah.

<Amanda> And that that's a lot of it.

<Hannah> That's true.

<Amanda> It's the soils, right?

Yeah.

Oh, I'm so glad that you could join us today.

And we have some fun things that we're going to take a break from questions and show you things that we've got and this is our 30th anniversary year.

Gosh, that's a long time, and so we're going to show you some older things.

One thing that's not old is Austin Jenkins with a dragonfly, but then a marsh tacky event where I had to get on a horse and the Pee Dee poultry show, which is just a riot, you just aren't going to believe it, and as another part of our 30th anniversary, we're going to have an event at the state fair on Wednesday at the state fair, and I hope that people October 18th, I hope that people will come.

We'd like to have you join us there.

It'd be fun.

So come to the state fair and remember not to bring your pocketknife and you have to leave that in your car, otherwise you'll have to throw it away, and you'd hate to do that at any rate.

So, Terasa, we'd love to start with your beautiful Gardens of the Week .

<Terasa> Well, I wish I could take all the credit, but these are from you, our viewers that submit photos of your yards, gardens or beautiful places in South Carolina.

We are going to begin with Betty Bates, who shared bright pink hibiscus that she said are showing out.

(Amanda laughs) Rebecca Phillips sent a hummingbird resting on a swing.

She says everyone needs one of those little swings and she has it nestled among the nectar feeders available and then pots of vinca, marigolds and zinnias.

From Louise Cromer, a trellis bearing muscadine.

Sue Flynn sent in the magenta fruit of beauty berries.

She said she is just thrilled with how her three plants are doing this year, and we wrap up with Cathy Phelps, who has some new raised beds.

Quite attractive, I might say, in Piedmont, South Carolina.

So thanks to all of you that shared your photos.

This is just a small random sampling.

I do encourage you to visit our Facebook page and see everything that was sent in.

<Amanda> And Jackie, before we start answering questions, beauty berry-- Your mother does just exquisite flower arrangements and she's got beautyberry, and we're going to show one that she made for my birthday, but if you want to have it...full.

I think you need to cut the beautyberry back after it blooms to have it.

Otherwise, the berries get kind of scattered out on the branch.

Does she do that?

<Jackie> She prunes a lot for her arrangement.

<Amanda> Yeah.

>> So that's why ours are probably fuller.

<Amanda> Yeah, yeah, yeah.

<Jackie>...she loves it and her arrangements and she has a few different varieties.

She's got Mexican with a very deep purple.

She's got Japanese with a very light purple.

She's got the American with that medium shade of purple, and she even has some white beautyberry.

<Amanda> Well, when Ruthie Lacey and I used to do events and I needed it, people didn't grow it.

There weren't cultivars that you could take home and it was under a bridge on the superhighway that I would go by.

(laughing) Well, you know, you find flowers and beauty where you can, don't you?

<Jackie> You do.

<Amanda> Oh, well, Terasa, I bet there's some people who could use some help, and while we've got these real smart people here, let's see what we could do.

<Terasa> Extension agents are problem solvers, and we are going to try to help Chris in Camden, who sent a photo and said, "What is putting all these holes in my Thundercloud plum tree leaves?"

<Amanda> Oh, my goodness gracious.

Well, Jackie, do you have something that we can do to help Chris?

<Jackie> Sure.

So there is a late season fungus called "shot hole" and will put little tiny holes all in the leaves of especially ornamental cherries.

You'll see the cherry laurels, but you see this in a lot of your ornamental cherry trees, your ornamental plums, your ornamental Prunus.

<Amanda> Like those purple leafed ones.

<Jackie> Right, like the purple leafed ones.

It's really harmless.

It's not going to hurt the tree.

You don't need to spray.

And in fact, really the best thing to do is for a homeowner just to do a good cleanup, just good sanitation, rake up all those leaves and get them off the property when you get a chance in the fall.

<Amanda> And tell me what it's called again.

It's shot hole fungus, because it looks like little tiny shot holes coming through the leaves.

<Amanda> Okay, but not to worry about.

<Jackie> No, not to worry about.

<Amanda> Well, it's nice when it's something we don't really have to worry about.

<Amanda> Terasa?

<Terasa> All right.

We'll move to Laura in Beaufort and I have seen this as well, Laura says, "I see all these orange fruits on the palms planted at gas stations.

Are they edible?"

(Amanda laughs) <Terasa> It is funny how you see them at gas stations a lot.

<Amanda> Yeah.

I used to call one of those junipers, filling station juniper.

(All laugh) <Amanda> But, you know, I mean that's wonderful that the things can grow in a harsh environment.

Christopher, what's happening here?

<Christopher> So this is what's known as a Pindo palm.

Pindo palms are also called jelly palms mostly because those fruits have been used and can be used to make jams and jellies.

For the most part, Yes.

They're completely edible.

The key is, though, you have to get them before they hit the ground.

Once they hit the ground, they're kind of overdone.

<Amanda> Oh, really?

<Christopher> The insects, the birds, everything else is going to go after them.

<Amanda> So you have to climb up in the tree?

<Christopher> It can be a little bit difficult.

Though, thankfully, these trees don't get quite as big as, say, the native Sabal palmetto, So they're going to get about 18 feet at their kind of max and they're slow growers, but if you can get the fruit before they fall, they are quite good.

<Amanda> Okay, Well, thanks so much.

Where does it originate?

Do you know?

<Christopher> So, the I believe it originates from Asia.

I'm not exactly sure.

<Amanda> It's the palms are all over the world.

<Christopher> Exactly.

It's not one of our natives.

<Amanda> Okay.

Well, thank you so much.

Terasa?

<Terasa> All right, well, this one is from Mary Margaret in Gapway, and she writes in, she's noticed that she sees deer a lot in soybean fields, and she says, "I always see them on my way home on the back roads.

"How much damage do they do "and is it a major concern for farmers?"

<Amanda> Oh, well, I lived in a farming community and I know they consider it, so.

So Hannah, how is this affecting the row croppers?

<Hannah> Yeah, so we've seen with deer hunting populations, it's...

I just looked for our, my county that I work in and it was down from last year's hunting season.

So it's I think it was 21% down actually, and so that tells me that they're not killing as many deer and just by hunting and just trying to take out the general populations, and once those populations grow, they're going to stay in that little area, and so when we have a 20, 30 acre soybean field with a bunch of little branches that kind of run around it like streams and little creeks they like, that's a great habitat.

It's cool during the summer, right!

And so as soon as those soybeans get planted, they browse around early spring, but the soybeans gets planted, like in April, May, June, they're going out there and they're just hammering them.

They're, they're, they're plucking, like if they don't pull the whole top out, they'll browse it just that the growing point at the top, and then as that thing starts to bush back out, they'll browse it again.

<Amanda> Yeah.

<Hannah> And so I've had calls where I've gone out and there'll be 40 acres even but they have just completely wiped out, and then it kind of becomes an insurance question like what happens here?

like are we do we replant?

Are we still early season?

If I replant it are they going to do it again?

So the deer have been a huge nuisance as far as row crops go throughout the state, and we see it too, as homeowners, you know, they come up and browse in our yards, but definitely if you're not seeing one on the road and someone's hit it, then they're sneaky little things and they're out there.

<Amanda> Well, and it's really problematic because we're seeing an explosive number of people coming to South Carolina and our open spaces are being transformed into housing developments, and the deer have to go somewhere.

<Hannah> Yeah, or we increase maybe hunting tags and we're able to actually go out and harvest more animals.

There are deer depredation tags that you can get.

And so, yeah, I mean, there's yeah, it becomes like a heartfelt thing where we're having to harvest deer so you can make a living, but then if you're able to, to somehow utilize those, this is just, it's really difficult, and I think it's going to be a problem going forward.

<Amanda> Certainly, and, you know, I drive on the back roads and it's a danger for people on the roads, too, because they come out in the evening.

Deer originally, I believe, were daytime feeders, but they changed their habits due to people.

<Hannah> Right, yeah.

<Amanda> And my friends who hunt now prefer to get does.

I mean, everybody thinks they want those big antlers, but does are the one who is going to reproduce.

So so, you know, maybe we can do things to try to help and you harvest deer if you hunt.

<Hannah> Correct.

You harvest them.

<Amanda> And the meat is delicious.

<Hannah> Yes, it's completely organic.

How about that.

<Amanda> Okay.

Austin Jenkins teaches at USC Sumter and he's taught my master naturalist course, and what fun.

We had him come in with some things to talk to us about, and right now he's going to talk about dragonflies.

I'm happy today that Austin Jenkins, who's a naturalist at USC Sumter and who, when I took the master naturalist course, you taught me, and it was just wonderful.

Austin is also a poet, which was kind of fun because you come in with funny things for us sometimes, but I just thought it'd be fun to talk about some stuff that's going on around us today.

So many people don't see what's out there in the natural world and it's right there.

<Austin> Absolutely.

<Amanda> You don't have to take a trip across the ocean.

<Austin> Absolutely.

Absolutely.

These couple of dragonflies and they are ubiquitous, I mean, all over the place.

You don't have to be, you know, too close to water necessarily to see a lot of them.

A lot of people don't think about that, but they can find things to eat well up into the uplands, and so they'll venture away from the water and eventually make their way back there indeed for, you know, reproduction and that kind of thing, but I've got a couple here in the net that we call all the way down.

<Amanda> Let's look at them.

<Austin> I'll try to pull these out.

I think these are probably conveniently the most common ones in the state of South Carolina.

We have north more than 100 species in the state, and, but there's a couple, and I tell people to start with what's easy, kind of like gardening, you know, You want to start with things that are not too difficult, and so if you're learning dragonflies, one great one to start with is this individual, and what I'll do is try to kind of hold him like this, and he's got blue on his back there on the back of his abdomen.

He's pretending to sting me.

<Amanda> He does.

Yeah.

<Austin> They don't sting.

They will mimic the fact that, you know, the stinger, but they don't sting so blue on the back.

Let me turn him over and kind of hold him still there.

<Amanda> Look at that.

<Austin> Yeah, and green sort of on the eyeballs.

<Amanda> Boy, he's got kind of those, big old eyeballs, too.

<Austin> Then kind of yellow and black stripes on the thorax.

This is a, you know, maybe an inch and a half.

It's one of the smaller dragonflies in the state, but it's called the Blue Dasher is the name because it dashes around and the boys especially have blue upon the back of their abdomens.

<Austin> And do they have pinchers that they use in... when they're mating to hold the females in a certain position or something?

<Austin> They do.

So if you think about the really long projections that come off of the back of like cockroaches, for example.

Well, the dragonflies have taken those and made them a lot smaller and turned them into little utensils they can use to grasp, you know, the opposite sex and look to engage in reproduction.

So those are coming off.

They're hard to see, but they're off the back end there, and that would grasp the female and then she would reach around to touch sort of the back of his thorax.

<Amanda> Now, they have such big eyes, and I'm sure that's a compound eye, but is that, do those big eyes help them in finding food because they're capturing other things to eat?

They don't eat plants or anything.

<Austin> Right.

They're predators, specifically predators, both those larvae and adults and yes, and so one individual dragonfly eye can actually have like 30,000 divisions inside it.

So that's why they're called the compound eyes, and what that happens to help them do is to pick up on motion a lot better.

So whereas you and I might see a bumblebee fly by and it's just a blur, you know, they see it more like a slideshow.

It's broken down into individual parts and that enables them to, you know, grab something that's moving fast.

<Amanda> Now they don't have long antennae.

One time when I had to do, first did my insect collection at Clemson, somebody brought me a dragonfly and I said, well, it doesn't have any antennae and they don't seem to have that.

I mean, there's so many animals, so many insects do.

<Austin> Right.

You know, eyeballs are the primary sense, the sense of sight for the dragons.

The antennae are probably involved in helping them to adjust for flight.

So when they're out and on the wing and, you know, perusing through the atmosphere and the sky, they can adjust for wind speeds and stuff like that, but they aren't as utilized as, you know, a moth might use their antennae.

<Amanda> Well, this fella has been very nice to come and spend the day with us, and I think you're going to release him after we look at who else is in here.

<Austin> Yeah.

So let's see who else we have.

This is again, the blue dasher <Amanda> A Blue dasher, and you say pretty common.

<Austin> Very common.

Still water, running water.

You know, it's just the most common one.

A lot of people do some backyard water gardens, you know, and this one shows up quite readily to those.

<Amanda> Now, where do they-- do they have to have moving water to reproduce and to lay their eggs?

<Austin> So it depends on the species.

This, these don't particularly care.

They'll kind of be in running or stillwater.

<Amanda> Okay.

but they're generalists.

<Austin> Yeah, they're generalists, and so here is another very, very common.

<Amanda> Wow, isn't that beautiful?

Look at that.

Gosh!

<Austin> So, this one's called the pondhawk, you know, because it's quite the predator.

It will eat its friends, in fact, you know, whatever, it's hungry and can grab it will consume, and so you have to watch out the girls in this instance are green like this one.

They bloom, blend in quite easily with, you know, grass, lily pads and wherever you need to stay to be disguised, the boys are going to be all blue, kind of like the blue dasher, but the whole body is blue, and so Eastern Pond Hawk is the name for this species.

<Amanda> Now, is there just one generation a year or how do they work?

<Austin> Yeah, great question.

The generations are such that, you know, the pond hawks and the blue dashers, you know, some of them can have multiple generations in a summer.

Others, it's just one emergence, and so as you come out from underneath the water as a larva, you, you know, often will come up at night, you'll pop out of that exoskeleton.

You'll fly up into the air, and that's your one summer.

You've got to make the most out of them so they will perish, and you know, at the end of the summer and then the next year, they will-- Their progeny will be born.

<Amanda> So they lay the-- the female will lay the eggs, and then they will stay in the water all winter.

<Austin> Yeah, they'll stay in the water over the winter and emerge next summer, and in some places they'll stay in the water multiple years, depends kind of on the latitude and the temperature... <Amanda> Wow, beautiful wings!

<Austin> Beautiful wings.

Absolutely.

Yeah.

<Amanda> Gosh!

So if people would like to learn about dragonflies, I guess you can get a net.

<Austin> Yeah, the dragonflies are, you know, hardier than the butterflies.

So I feel a little safer catching those.

Sure.

I'm like, I'm not going to damage them.

And.

But you don't need much other than a pair of binoculars.

Really close focus binoculars will get you, you know, a close up view when they sit and perch.

Stillwater is a great place to start because a lot of dragonfly males are territorial.

So they're not going to go far from their territory, and you can go and observe them there, and there are some great resources, and books that the people can utilize.

You can address dragonflies almost like birds, you know, you can always get a bird guide.

<Amanda> Sure.

<Austin> But nowadays you can get a dragonfly field guide and really come to know 10 or 15 in your backyard.

Dragonfly is quite easily.

<Amanda> Well, I guess you better put him back.

<Amanda> Get out to the parking maps and say, "Aren't you glad that we're bringing you outside and letting you go?"

<Amanda> Thank you, Austin.

That's a lot of fun.

<Austin> Absolutely.

<Amanda> Awesome.

Did a lot of things with us that we had so much fun.

So you'll enjoy seeing those in the future.

And I wanted to tell you all that one of the things I do is radio.

And so if you're in the car, you may have heard those, but we hadn't been telling you all about it.

And I work real hard on them.

And Terasa is going to start putting links to them on the Facebook page.

Or you can go to South Carolina Public Radio and they are right there.

And sometimes they're fun.

Yeah, I try to make them fun and sometimes they're serious.

How about that.

All right, Terasa, who can we help now?

We hope we can help Reginald in Allendale.

Sort of a mystery plant kind of a question, "Since I have a spot in my landscape "that tends to stay rather damp and this weed keeps popping up.

What is it, and what should I do with it?"

I always love when people use the word "weed," and I'll say, "Well, what is it?"

You know, it's just a weed that you don't want or a plant you don't want, or a plant in the wrong place, so to speak.

So maybe it's not really a weed at all.

Well, some people think solidego is a weed, and I just love it.

I use it all the time in arrangements, yeah.

Well, Christopher, if you got a wet spot, turf grass isn't going to grow there.

So it might be nice to have something there.

<Christopher> Yeah.

And I was able to peek a look at the actual picture and see what it was ahead of time and brought a plant in.

So it is called "frogfruit," which is a very interesting name, but it's Phyla nodiflora.

It is a wonderful weed, in my opinion, and I use "weed" and in the nicest possible sense.

It is a wonderful native plant.

It grows really well in a variety of situations.

I'm trying to currently plant it in my own yard just because it seems to grow better than just about everything else.

It only gets about 6 to 8 inches tall, so you're not mowing it a whole lot.

The nice thing is it blooms pretty much the entire growing season.

<Amanda> Now, have you got a blossom there?

Yeah, I'm trying to find.

There we go.

<Amanda> Real still, and we'll get a picture.

<Christopher> But it is of course, it's also a host plant for the common buckeye.

<Amanda> Come on.

<Christopher> And a nectar plant for several other butterflies as well, but again, it's just an excellent weed in those wet spots where nothing else is going to grow.

It's going to just thrive.

<Amanda> If you go to a place that offers native plants, can you sometimes find it?

<Christopher> Yes, so this is actually one of those plants.

I found this in a native plant nursery, and I was able to, again, I would just spot it and say, "Oh, this is a frogfruit.

This would be an excellent addition to my own yard."

And so that's what I got.

<Amanda> Well, I hope other people will take advantage of that and put it out there.

And it sounds like it's going to serve so many purposes.

Yeah, that's really, really fun.

Thank you so much.

All right, Terasa.

<Terasa> All right.

Sometimes our plants suffer from storms.

<Amanda> Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah.

<Terasa> Bob in Columbia wrote in, "My tree lost a large limb from recent storms.

"How should I care for the wound?

Should I put a sealant on the limb?"

<Amanda> Oh, my goodness.

Well, Jackie, I think people used to sell things that they thought it was a way to make money if you were producing that.

But what's the current ideas about sealants and things like that?

<Jackie> We really don't need to use a sealant.

It can be a way to trap moisture under the wound.

It becomes an entryway for insects and diseases, and some trees are really, really good at compartmentalizing the damage and can sustain it, whereas other trees are not, so it's going to depend on what tree species you have, but definitely don't want to do any pruning sealant.

Let the wound heal on its own.

<Amanda> Now, if it's jagged, do you want to go in and clean and make a clean cut kind of back to the--?

<Jackie> I definitely would.

You want to make a clean cut.

You don't want to leave a large stub, so you will prune it back towards the collar.

You do want to make sure that you don't do any further damage to the tree.

We were talking, and in some cases you can leave a little bit of the stub, but the tree has to be one that does compartmentalize damage very well.

Like a live oak.

<Amanda> Live oaks are fabulous.

Yeah, yeah.

<Jackie> But with some other trees, you definitely want to make sure you get a nice clean cut.

<Amanda> And that will heal and prevent things from happening, we hope.

<Jackie> Yes.

<Amanda> Okay.

Well, and you know, we're going to have a lot more storms, and we're seeing that.

So I think all of us, it behooves us all to think about how we might handle that if it happens in our yard.

Thank you so much for that information.

All righty.

<Terasa> You know, it's a good time to mention that if people are worried about tree health and whether it's a hazard to structures like a house or something, there's an online tool that people can use to look for an arborist, an ISA certified arborist.

Yes.

Trees are good.

<Amanda> Not just somebody with a chainsaw.

(laughs) <Terasa> Exactly.

Exactly.

And then they'll be able to come out and assess, you know.

If a tree is away from any significant structures, it's really not a hazard if it were to fall down.

And then as we were kind of saying, although there may be insects and diseases, it can serve as wildlife habitat.

<Amanda> We had a pine that came down, and when we went out there it was just full of woodpecker cavities, which are just wonderful nesting sites.

<Terasa> Exactly.

<Amanda> Yeah.

And it was a long way away from the house, fortunately.

Yeah.

Hannah, you have to go out and look at things for people sometimes.

And I think you've brought some things down for us to talk about.

<Hannah> I did.

Yes.

Yes.

We talked about deer earlier, and there's also other things that we like to harvest during the hunting season.

And so I went out and kind of took a look at -- Let's move this.-- A dove field.

And so early season we would have planted sunflowers.

And y'all can take and pass that, if you'd like to see it.

But this is a sunflower head and it's got little seeds inside of it.

Would you like to see?

<Amanda> Oh.

Sure!

<Hannah> And so you put that there if you'd like to get a close-up.

<Amanda> So this is, so people plant what are called "wildlife food plots."

<Hannah> Correct.

Wildlife food plots.

And these are particularly for dove.

And whenever you pull the seed off, it looks just like one.

You would get in a-- <Amanda> In a store.

<Hannah> In a store in a bag, and they're just not salted.

Birds happen to love them a lot and that's-- You're creating another habitat too for beneficial insects and all that type of stuff.

<Amanda> Tweet-tweet.

<Hannah> Yep.

I know, right?

You can take these.

There's several probably 100 in a head like this.

<Amanda> This is a big one.

<Hannah> Yeah.

They grow in various sizes, so you've got that's the actual seed.

That'll be the leaves that come out and germinate.

And then you've got the sunflowers, the heads.

The birds will actually sit up there and peck it.

And so as this thing dries, it's still in the air, and it's hanging there.

I had to pull these apart, but as they decay and start to wither away, the birds will just perch and peck and peck.

The few other-- <Amanda> And sunflowers are native.

<Hannah> Yeah, okay.

I didn't know that.

<Amanda> Yeah, they are.

Yeah.

That's one of the foods that is native to here, and but we didn't-- and was used tremendously by Indians and indigenous people.

And they actually, by selectively planting, saving the big seeds, they increased the size of the seeds over a couple of hundred years by like, you know -- They would get like massively bigger.

<Hannah> Right, right, and you're just selecting what you'd like to grow.

<Amanda> Isn't that fun?

<Hannah> Yeah.

I love that.

Yeah.

And there's some that we grow for particular reasons.

And these are not going to be your beautiful ones that you see, like at the farmer's market or that you'd necessarily use in arrangements.

And a few other things that birds will enjoy eating.

This is actually what you'll find in birdseed.

This is called sorghum or mallow, and it's grown a lot in the Midwest.

We grow it here.

There's a local market for it for bird seed or bird grain.

So when they grind it up for some of the larger poultry farm producers, they'll mix that together with some of their feed.

And so there's a market for it.

It's just not as prevalent.

So there's a catch 22.

You can grow it for a market or you can grow it for a habitat for wildlife.

<Amanda> And you can be very nice, if somebody's having a party and need some great big arrangements, it's just fabulous to use.

<Hannah> Yeah, it's really pretty, and they change color.

So this is more red.

This does just have a little bit of mold in the top, but you can see this is a pretty color.

And then this has more of our pollen on it.

You can see the little anthers that are on the plant.

<Amanda> Oh, ok!

Thank you.

<Hannah> And so, there's just different stages.

Actually, one of these might have been this one that was growing in my yard.

It dropped out of some birdseed.

And so my son planted a watermelon, and we walked out a couple of days ago.

He said, "Mom, this is not a watermelon."

(laughter) <Hannah> Well, at least you have identified that.

And then we also like to plant corn.

And so the corn is, you know, obviously something that we grow a tremendous amount of in South Carolina.

But when you look at it, as it starts to wither away, I can't do it, but birds will peck at this.

And as it kind of falls to the ground, they'll, you know, as the combine runs through, we'll have different corn that's just left over, whether it's been kind of, I don't know, like little pieces of it have been crushed or ground.

The birds come along and kind of peck at that.

So during hunting season, we've got a plethora of things in South Carolina that will grow, and we hunters enjoy going out and fellowship with others and just making a great little fall season of it.

<Amanda> And I think that NRCS or some of those people have, I think they encourage row croppers sometimes to plant some wildlife food plots.

<Hannah> Yes.

<Amanda> Since you were talking earlier about the deer.

Perhaps if we can do that, it might help.

<Hannah> Yeah, there's all kinds of programs.

USDA, NRCS, they offer, like, CSP, EQIP programs that will-- If you're a landowner and have a couple of acres, you can invest and bring back to your land for conservation purposes.

And so, yeah, yeah, like dove, I mean, beneficial insects, pollinators, quail habitat.

<Amanda> Gosh!

<Hannah> Yeah.

And it's very simple stuff.

It might be that they incentivize you to plant some native species or leave out a portion around your field so the wildlife can come and utilize it.

Not deer necessarily.

We talked about that earlier.

But quail would be a nice one to help establish more.

<Amanda> Okay.

Well, thank you so much.

Yeah, well, as we've said, this is our 30th anniversary and we're going and getting some things that we've filmed in the past.

And I am going to take a ride on a Marsh Tacky pony.

♪ South Carolina is filled with history, but thanks to a dedicated group of horse lovers, there's some new chapters being written.

We're visiting David Grant at his farm near Darlington, where he has a herd of Carolina Marsh Tackys.

David, these are some pretty special horses if I'm sitting on one.

And what besides that, what makes them so special?

<David> Well, quite a list.

Let's just kind of shorten it up a little bit.

This is our state heritage horse, the Marsh Tacky.

And the Spaniards first brought them up when they explored this great country.

And naturally, the Spaniards brought Spanish horses.

<Amanda> And these, you said these horses have been good for conditions like they experienced then, because when things-- These are good grazers.

What are some of the things that make them good for riding in the woods and those sorts of activities?

<David> Well, they're easy keepers.

Naturally, when the Spaniards come over here, they didn't know how long they was going to take to get here.

So just the fact that they survived kind of like a maiden voyage like this is phenomenal.

And then in the beginning, they didn't have at a local feed store, feed and hay, so they had to forage and stuff like that.

So they evolved into survivors, easy keepers, that type stuff.

Most of the marsh tackys proportionately have larger feet, and that really makes them adapt in marshy situations and stuff.

And in the beginning, the word "tacky," people say, "Where does the word 'tacky' come from?"

Well, it's a kind of a word that was the most common horse around, the tacky horse.

<Amanda> And they were used, you said, by people who could use them for multiple purposes.

You could use them to plow.

You could use them in the field.

You could use them to take your wife to town.

<David> That's correct.

In the beginning.

That's the only horse they had.

So he had to be multi-talented, and basically, they would use them to plow, go to church on Sunday, to school.

Most of them were, in the beginning, they didn't have fences to keep horses, livestock in.

They had fences to keep the livestock out of the gardens and fields and stuff.

<Amanda> These horses are not as large as some of the thoroughbreds we're accustomed to seeing.

And you said they've got some other attributes that make them wonderful for running through the woods.

<David> Well, marsh tackys are, on average, about 14 hands.

Okay.

And usually, they have deep, narrow chest, as you see with D.P.

they have sloping groups and low tail sets, which makes them maneuver real easy and stuff.

And like I say, the biggest attribute is they just, like I say, is they're really easy-keeping horses.

They stay fat and it's just a little bit of feet.

<Amanda> (laughs) And for a long time these horses weren't known to be as special.

We just thought they were some horses.

<Amanda> But there has been some particular work, scientific work done on them.

<David> That's correct.

I was fortunate to get involved with these horses about seven years ago, and we had a meeting here, an open house here for some marsh tacky enthusiasts to see what kind of horse we did have.

So we did some research, did some DNA tests.

It proved that they had Spanish markers.

So, and I was still, Amanda, a little bit of a doubting Thomas.

So there was a lot of research done by a lot of good folks.

And tackys were mentioned throughout history.

And some of the research I've done on Francis Marion, you could hear the name "tacky" mentioned.

Matter of fact, Tarleton, when he invaded Savannah, was mounted on tacky horses because his horses perished at sea due to a storm.

And that was one of my favorite quotes, is that Tarleton said he got defeated because he was mounted on common tacky horses.

<Amanda> You've said that the Gullah community on the Sea Islands really deserves a lot of credit for the preservation of this breed.

<David> Oh, yeah.

And I think the Gullah, geographically, the way the islands and stuff in South Carolina, I think had a good impact on how these horses stay relatively pure.

<Amanda> David, what are your hopes for the future for this herd?

<David> Very bright.

We started with roughly 150 horses in the beginning, seven or eight years ago, I think in their last census to 275.

And everybody's breeding for quality, not quantity.

They're in the hands of people that love them, mostly folks that's got them for pets and that type stuff, even though we see them cross over into other disciplines now.

<Amanda> And if people, and I know that there are going to be so many people excited about this horse, that's nice enough to let somebody like me sit on it.

How can they find out more about them?

<David> Well, we have, we got two web sites CarolinaMarshTacky.com and MarshTacky.org <Amanda> Well, this has been a wonderful experience for me and I'm going to let you lead the way as we go back to the barn.

<David> We'll be like Dale and Roy.

Happy trails.

<Amanda> Happy trails.

♪ (horse whinnies) ♪ Well, it's nice to get on a horse that's not so big.

Marsh Tackys are kind of small, and it was grand to go down there and learn about them.

I was out in the garden, Terasa, and Hearts-a-Burstin' with Love.

<Terasa> Yeah.

Euonymus americanus, I believe.

<Amanda> Yeah, has set seeds and opened up and it's just one of the sweetest things in the world, because when it opens, the seeds are exposed and it looks like a heart-a-bursting with love.

It's just one of the dearest things and a native-- <Terasa> It is.

<Amanda> -- that I think anyone would enjoy having.

<Terasa> Wildlife, enjoy it.

The flowers are not very showy early in the spring, but it gets pretty fall foliage color before it drops.

<Amanda> Yeah, it's just, it's just charming.

<Hannah> Does it grow more like a groundcover, or is this going to be like a hanging pot?

<Amanda> No, it's pretty big.

<Terasa> But it's kind of a sparse.

It's not real dense.

<Amanda> Yeah, yeah, yeah.

<Hannah> Nice, I like it.

<Amanda> Yeah.

It's just great, great, great fun.

And then I had some beautyberry, and of course, Jackie, we had talked about how many there are now.

Your mama found out it was my birthday and you sent this to me, and first of all, she's the most clever recycler.

These are things that washing powder pods came in or something.

<Jackie> Yes.

<Amanda> But look at what she's got in here.

And this is from her yard.

<Jackie> This is.

So, we have two acres that I have, over the years, I have worked at various garden centers and I've been able to bring home different stuff.

So, it would definitely be a plantas collectus moreso than a beautiful landscape.

So she takes a little bit of everything that we have out there to make her arrangements.

That is her relaxation.

So you can see ginger lilies in there.

<Amanda> Ginger lilies.

And she's got, there's so many ginger lilies now.

<Jackie> There are.

She's got a lot of different varieties.

<Amanda> Yeah.

Yeah.

<Jackie> And then the purple flowers are cleome.

<Amanda> Uh-huh?

<Jackie> A spider flower.

<Amanda> And they have, interesting the seed pods are fascinating too And they seed down pretty well too, don't they?

<Jackie> They do, and she's got celosia in there, she's got zinnias.

<Amanda> Yeah.

Yes.

Yeah.

<Hannah> Oh, I think I know this one.

Is this frondy looking thing?

Does it grow in the swamp like a cypress?

<Amanda> Bald cypress?

<Jackie> It looks like it, but that's actually asparagus from a vegetable garden.

<Amanda> What?!

<Jackie> Yeah.

So she'll take all kinds of stuff.

There's basil, purple basil leaves in there and purple fountain grass.

<Hannah> Is that a Sago palm?

<Jackie> Sago palm, mm-hm.

<Amanda> And then, of course, it would be, it certainly wouldn't be a Southern garden without-- <Jackie> The hydrangeas, the Limelight hydrangeas.

<Amanda> Gosh!

Um.

<Jackie> Even the sea pods.

It's amazing.

Like, you always find different things, the seed pods from the crape myrtles.

There's always different things that can be used, different textures that are floral arrangement.

<Hannah> Should we show the other side, Amanda?

<Amanda> Sure!

<Jackie> Can we rotate it?

<Jackie> And the white ginger lily is just so incredibly fragrant.

<Terasa> It's a shame we can't send that fragrance through our broadcast, right?

<Amanda> Look at all this stuff!

Now, look how she took what, some long, long, long grass or something.

<Jackie> Mm-hm.

So we have some paspalums that are out there that are fairly evergreen and large.

<Amanda> Look how clever she is.

She's done them up.

<Terasa> Is there a little allium?

Is that an allium, the little white flower on this side?

<Hannah> There it is.

Right down in there.

<Terasa> Which pollinators seem to flock to.

<Hannah> That looks like a wild onion or a garlic?

Nope.

(crosstalk) <Amanda> And then, this was from her -- <Jackie> Night-blooming cereus.

<Amanda> Gosh, has it ever bloomed?

<Jackie> It has.

She gets lots of blooms off of her night-blooming cereus.

<Amanda> Come on.

I've never seen them bloom.

And then-- <Jackie> Her philodendron.

Yeah.

<Amanda> Oh, golly Pete!

<Terasa> Some of those would be really nice for leaf castings.

Those large leaves.

<Hannah> Yeah.

<Amanda> And I just have to pull this out.

This is beautiful!

Golly Pete!

<Hannah> It's really show in the fall, I think.

Right?

<Hannah> Purple fountain grass?

<Jackie> Purple fountain grass.

<Hannah> You know, Terasa, going back to what you said, the castings, when years and years ago, I would make, like, stepping stones, and I would make a little form.

And then pour concrete in it, and then I would take whatever.

Yeah.

Yes.

And just press it down in there.

And it really, like, the ridges and the veins of the leaves shows up.

And then that's a cute little thing that would remind you of the garden.

<Amanda> Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.

And a way to remember something when you're not standing out in the garden.

<Hannah> Right.

Yeah.

<Amanda> And it'd be fun to have them going into the garden.

Well, huh, well, she is incredibly talented, and you said, so this doesn't stress her out.

This is something she-- <Jackie> This is her relaxation.

Yes.

<Amanda> Gosh.

Well, and I guess she has (laughs) I think this recycling thing is the cleverest idea I've ever heard of.

<Terasa> Who would have thought?

And something that almost everyone probably has hanging around the house.

<Amanda> Yeah, yeah, yeah.

Okay.

Well, that was just incredible.

Well, tell her that I so appreciate it.

<Jackie> I will.

<Terasa> Should I give her my birthday?

(laughter) <Hannah> Yeah.

Yeah.

Let's make a list.

Let's do that.

I love that idea.

<Amanda> Oh, gracious goodness!

Again, we're showing things from the past, and we went down to the Pee Dee Poultry Festival.

And learning what you do to get a chicken ready to bring to the fair is quite a fascinating topic.

♪ We are in Lake City, South Carolina, and the Pee Dee Poultry Club is having a show today.

I'm with Terri Anderson.

She's a member here, and our able assistant, Lexus.

And Terri, I've been holding this chicken, this rooster, and I understand it needs to get cleaned up because it's gotten a little dirty.

<Terri> It does.

<Amanda> So I'm gonna hand this to you.

And tell me about grooming chickens.

<Terri> Any time you're entering chickens in a poultry show, you always want to make sure they're very well groomed, because they're going to be judged.

And so the first thing you do is you put them in a nice warm bath, and you always use a very gentle type of detergent.

<Amanda> And you didn't put much in there, just a little.

<Terri> It doesn't take much.

<Amanda> All right.

<Terri> You use a sponge for cleaning because this really helps get rid of the thing.

And there are numerous ways of grooming chickens.

This is just my favorite.

<Amanda> All right.

<Terri> So other people will tell you different things, but you just take your little chicken -- This is a little American Serama.

He's kind of dirty, a little grungy.

And you literally just hold him and you submerge him down in the water and it's nice and warm.

Now, here's the secret about chickens.

They'll stick their head right down in that water, so you face their little head towards your arm, and this is for just bantams, but if you face their head towards the arm, they can't get their their head down in the water.

So you just wash always in the direction that the feather grows.

If it's a smooth feathered chicken, always the direction that the feather grows.

And after you have washed all the top, you spread the wings out.

You make sure you get all the little wing tips.

Here, Amanda, hold that chicken.

There you go.

It helps if you have a helper, and you make sure you get the wing tips real good, top and bottom.

<Amanda> These are things the judges are going to look at.

<Terri> They're going to look at everything.

Make sure you get their little butt good, because the judge is going to turn it around and look in that direction, too.

So make sure that that's nice and clean.

<Amanda> The business end is clean.

<Terri> The business end.

(laughter) Once you've got the body part clean, then you just take your little sponge and you go carefully over the head because the chicken nostrils are right there at the head.

You don't don't want to get water down in those nostrils.

So if you hold his little head up, you can clean his head and you really want to do a good job on his comb, especially on the rooster, because that's one of the things the little roosters are very proud of.

And the judge is going to be looking a lot at that little comb.

You want it nice and clean, so you clean the little waddles.

I'm doing a little quick job here, but normally, you would be really giving that close attention.

All right, now, after you've got him all nice and clean, then you're going to take him and rinse him.

So you just put him in some warm rinse water.

Same thing.

Take your little sponge and rinse him.

Now, if it's a white bird like this, a lot of times you can put some vinegar water in here or you can put a little blueing in here.

That will really help bring out the white.

Now, after he's all nice and rinsed real well, then we're going to make a chicken burrito.

So you take your-- Hold that right there, Lexus.

Take your little chicken.

And this is just for bantams.

You can use a large towel for large fowl.

And take your little chicken and you just roll him up like a little chicken burrito.

(Amanda laughing) <Terri> And there, voila!

We have a little chicken burrito.

This isn't the kind you eat, though.

If you'll tuck him under the arm, you'll have access to his feet.

<Amanda> Oh!

<Terri> And then he can't struggle and you can get to his little feet.

Now, the feet.

This is an important part.

You want it really nice and clean.

So use a toothbrush.

<Amanda> A toothbrush.

All right.

<Terri> And you can do this before you rinse 'em, if you want to.

People do it different times, but you scrub their feet under their toenails.

You scrub their legs really good.

<Amanda> Just like gardeners have to do when they come in from the garden.

<Terri> That's exactly right, the same thing.

<Amanda> And I use a toothbrush, too.

<Terri> There you go, because remember, this is probably going to have a little chicken poop on it.

And if you'll bend their little legs down, you can get under those scales and you can get that real nice and clean, righty?

After you've got the feet clean while you've got it exposed like this -- Judges do not like to see that little sharp point or long toenails.

<Amanda> Oh!

<Terri> This boy needs a pedicure.

<Amanda> All righty.

<Terri> So we use exactly that.

So you just take this, and I wish I had my glasses on, but I'm going to make an educated guess, and you snip.

<Amanda> All righty.

<Terri> Just to make sure you've got all the little points trimmed off, so it's nice and neat and tidy.

<Amanda> And you need to be careful because you don't want to cut back on the quick.

<Terri> And it'll bleed a lot.

Now, once you've got that, you don't want to leave it rough, voila!

(snip) Oh, you're so good!

So you just take your little emery board and you file it down real good.

<Amanda> Really, we need Vicky Bertagnolli, because she's our fingernail expert at Clemson Extension.

<Terri> There you go.

So you would file it down really, really well.

If this was a large fowl instead of a little bantam, sometimes they have gunk stuck in their toes.

<Amanda> Yeah.

<Terri> So in that case, you would take a toothpick, and you just have those ready, and you would just take a little toothpick and dig the dirt out.

You can also use Q-Tips, either one, and you would just dig the dirt out from there to make sure it's nice and clean.

<Amanda> So this is certainly a two person process because it's important that Lexus -- Sometimes you've done it by yourself.

<Terri> Oh, yes, many times.

<Amanda> And this is a small chicken.

<Terri> That's right.

That's right.

The largest fowl are much more difficult.

All right, now, once you've got that done, let's just say we've done the whole entire process.

<Amanda> How are you doing, fella?

<Terri> You want to make sure you get his little head really, really pretty, because that's one of those parts.

Here, you hold that, Amanda.

And what we're going to do is we're going to take -- and everybody has their own little secret stuff that they use.

This just happens to be mine.

And it's a gel oil.

And you can either apply it with your fingers.

And if you'll notice -- <Amanda> It smells good!

Oh, it's got some shine too!

<Terri> His little eyes will close, because it feels good to 'em to get that massaged in.

<Amanda> Oh, he likes that!

Oh!

<Terri> And it leaves a real natural appearance to him.

<Amanda> Beautiful!

<Terri> You want to take and put a little bit even around the eyes, making sure not to get in the eyes, just to make his whole entire upper head look very shiny, vibrant and healthy.

<Amanda> Glossy and healthy.

<Terri> Yes, ma'am.

Even down onto the beak.

Rub a little bit into that.

Give it a shine.

Speaking of the beak, while we're up here on this end, if that beak has an overlap and it's unappealing looking.

<Amanda> Yes.

<Terri> You take those same little snippers, <Amanda> Oooh!

<Terri> and you snip that little beak part right off.

And they'll usually hold real still for you, and he doesn't really have a bad thing.

So you just go like that and you just snip it right off.

<Amanda> Yeah.

Yeah.

I can see.

<Terri> And you don't want to leave it blunt.

There again, fingernail file comes into play, and you can file it.

This is just like a nail, so it doesn't hurt 'em.

It's not even uncomfortable to 'em.

As you can see, he's not even struggling with that.

<Amanda> No, he's not.

I'm not having to fight with him at all to hold him.

<Terri> And then at the bottom again on his feet, you want to make sure his feet and legs have a real nice, healthy sheen.

You can use your exact same oil, Vaseline, whatever your, you know, preference of choice is in.

You want to oil the feet, the legs, the nails to get everything really nice and shiny and healthy looking.

<Amanda> All right.

<Terri> Let's just pretend like we're done.

<Amanda> All right.

All right.

<Terri> On this little bird, since he's smooth feathered, if he was dry already -- <Amanda> And you use a blow dryer?

<Terri> If it's frizzled, I use a blow dryer.

On these smooth feathers, you want to let them dry naturally in the sunlight out of wind, and they'll dry.

And at the base of their tail, there's a preening gland.

<Amanda> Yes.

<Terri> And if you will do this a couple of days ahead of time, the bird will naturally preen his feathers and oil them and make 'em look really pretty.

<Amanda> He'll do all the work himself.

<Terri> But at the very last minute before you show him, there are some things you can do to just assist that, just to make it look a little prettier.

Just a little bling-bling on the chicken.

So they there's several different kinds of sprays, and you actually spray the chicken, and you can just spread the little wings out.

And this is if the chicken was dry, of course.

And you spray a little bit, and you take a silk cloth, and you -- <Amanda> Now, is this for chickens or is this for people?

<Terri> No, no, that's people spray.

(laughs) But you spray and it actually, the silk cloths will gloss them all up and then they're ready to go in the cage.

<Amanda> Well, it's a lot of work to get a chicken its reward.

<Terri> It is.

It is.

<Amanda> And everybody here has had a great time.

Thanks a lot.

<Terri> Yes.

Yes, they have.

Thank you, Amanda.

♪ I think that looking at chickens is just the most wonderful thing in the world.

There's so many different kinds.

If this if there's a fair coming to your part of the state, do go and see if they've got some wonderful things for you to look at while you're there.

And at the State Fair on October the 18th, Making it Grow is going to be filming, and we'd love for you to join us.

It's going to be about 4:00 in the afternoon.

So, come and get whatever it is your favorite Fair food is, and you can bring me some french fries too.

Okay, So let's see.

I think Terasa, can we help somebody else with the little bit of time we've got left?

<Terasa> Let's give it a try.

Elizabeth in Edisto reports that she has some large old live oak trees on her property, but there's some black substance leaking from the trunk, so she wants to know: What is it?

Should she be worried about it?

And is there anything she needs to do?

<Amanda> Leaking from the trunk?

Oh, well, Christopher, that's down, you know, in the Lowcountry where you are.

What's going on?

<Christopher> So this looks like hypoxylon canker, which is actually a relatively common disease that affects a lot of different types of trees.

But live oaks, of course, are susceptible to it.

The good news is for live oaks, this is usually not a major concern.

<Amanda> Whew!

Fortunately!

<Christopher> That being said, it's always good to make sure that you're having your trees checked up on.

Call a certified arborist, as we mentioned previously.

Even for a live oak, always pay attention to that canopy.

If that canopy looks nice and full, generally that means that tree's in relatively good health.

If you're noticing big gaps, you're noticing lots of down branches, even without storms, this is a good indication that tree might be under some stress.

So hypoxylon canker is not, on its own, something to be very worried about.

But, if the tree is under stress and you're seeing that as well, that could indicate that there is some significant decline and thus treatment is going to be necessary, or you're going to need to remove the tree, hopefully not for a major live oak, but... <Amanda> And, you know, I'm not real tall, and so I like to look at the trunks of trees, and the lichens on them can be so varied.

Don't you think that's just kind of remarkable sometimes?

<Hannah> Yes.

We have one that came in yesterday and it looked like an alien thing.

And she was like, "I cut this on my rose and I went back out and it grew this."

And I was like, "No, ma'am, no, a bird flew by and dropped it, and they do.

Birds use them for nesting.

<Amanda> Yeah.

<Terasa> Hummingbirds will cover their outside of their nest.

<Amanda> Really?

How Fun!

<Hannah> It was calling old man's beard or something.

<Amanda> Yeah, Yeah.

Oh, yeah, yeah.

<Hannah> Just kind of funny looking.

<Amanda> Yeah.

"Usnea," I think that one might be.

<Hannah> Oh,yeah.

<Amanda> I don't know if I'm pronouncing that correctly, But yeah, they're just, and they're different colors and different patterns.

<Terasa> And, didn't you do a talk, do a segment with Tim Lee about -- <Amanda> Yeah.

Oh, he just was wonderful.

We'll have to... Yeah.

Yeah.

Anyway, so there's just always just something to look at, if you can't take a trip or cruise or something, just go out in the world and look in South Carolina, there's so much to learn.

Just looking at a tree, you know, and acorns and just, I don't know, it's just, it's a joy.

<Terasa> It really is, so you just take the time, right?

And sometimes I would take children out for nature walks in the back.

"I don't see anything.

All I see is plants."

But, I mean, they are fascinating plants.

We just have to kind of learn to stop and reframe what we're expecting.

You know, not a giant bear or, you know.

<Jackie> Oh, yeah, yeah.

<Amanda> And, you know, and just the shades of green.

I mean, it's, you know, it's stunning.

I mean, green is a color.

<Terasa> The scents, some things are very fragrant.

It might be a pleasant fragrance or not pleasant.

Some things are fuzzy or hairy soft.

<Amanda> This is very fragrant.

<Hannah> While we've got all these experts here, when I was growing up, there was a plant that if you broke it and smelled of it, it smelled like root beer.

<Terasa> Sassafras, maybe?

<Hannah> Sassafras?

Yeah, maybe that's it.

It grows up like an understory kind of plant.

<Amanda> Yeah.

Yeah.

<Hannah> I love that scent.

<Amanda> Yeah, and has a mitten shaped leaves, "polymorphic," I think you call it.

And it's just a wonderful plant.

People used to make teas and things out of it.

Yeah, I don't know, isn't the world fascinating?

Well, we hope that you've been fascinated and that you will join us next week right here on Making It Grow.

Night-night.

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