Welcome to PBS 39's Scholastic Scrimmage.

Scholastic Scrimmage is brought to you by the members of PBS 39 and by... - PPL is proud to support educationa on PBS 39. of Scholastic Scrimmage.

I'm your host, David Graf.

This year's Scrimmage will look a bit different due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

PBS 39 is following all CDC guidelines, and that includes pregame temperature checks, students wearing masks during the competition and I'm socially distanced from the teams on set.

And now on with today's match that features Lehighton vs Pen Argyl.

The match will feature two halves with a lightning round midway through each half.

At halftime, we'll pause to get to know the students a little bit better.

As a reminder, Scholastic Scrimmage requires rapid recall of specific factual information.

It's not necessarily indicative of academic training.

And now, let's begin.

Buzzers ready, onto our first toss-up.

What particles theorized by George Zweig and Murray Gell-Mann are held together by gluons in hadrons and come in six flavors, including up...?

Lehighton.

- Quarks.

- That's correct.

For your bonus, in 2007, what country's Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner became the first woman directly elected as President, representing the Traditionalist Party?

- Afghanistan.

- Incorrect, the answer is Argentina.

Next toss-up.

What author's story The Final Problem describes a confrontation at Reichenbach Falls that leads to the death of the detective Sherlock Holmes.

- Arthur Conan Doyle.

- That's correct.

For your bonus, to grow, most arthropods must undergo what process in which they shed their old exoskeletons?

- Molting.

- That is also correct.

Next toss-up.

What artist of Monument To Balzac depicted an event from the Hundred Years War in The Burghers Of Calais and also sculpted The Kiss and The Thinker.

It's Rodin, and there's a whole museum related to him right down the Northeast Extension in Philadelphia.

Next toss-up.

What state where the Plumpjack Group was founded is governed by Kimberly Guilfoyle's ex-husband Gavin Newsom, who was...?

Pen Argyl.

- California.

- That is correct.

For your bonus.

What Roman Emperor ended the Crisis Of The Third Century by creating the Tetrarchy?

- Nero.

- Incorrect.

Diocletian the correct answer.

Next toss-up.

What city is home to the popular Teramachi Street, was Japan's capital before it was moved to Tokyo and gives its name to an environmental protocol of the 1990s?

Pen Argyl.

- Kyoto.

- That's correct.

I got to visit there.

It's a really beautiful city.

For your bonus, the gene that causes Marfan syndrome is an example of what type of gene that affects multiple distinct phenotypic traits?

The correct answer is pleiotropic genes.

Next toss-up.

What subset of white blood cells that can express the glycoproteins CD4 or CD8 have memory and helper varieties and mature in the thymus?

Lehighton.

- Killer T cells.

- That is...

I couldn't really hear it.

Say it again.

- T cells.

- That is correct.

For your bonus.

What artist whose 14 black paintings include Saturn Devouring His Son showed Madrid rebels being executed by firing squad in The Third Of May 1808?

- Picasso.

- Incorrect.

Francisco Goya is the correct answer.

Next toss-up.

What philosopher who denounced Christian pity in his book The Antichrist also wrote the book Thus Spake Zarathustra, which declared, "God is dead"?

Lehighton.

- Nietzsche.

- That is correct.

For your bonus.

The Great Dismal Swamp lies mostly in what US state whose southeast is also home to the cities of Norfolk and Newport News?

- Virginia.

- That is correct.

The Commonwealth of Virginia.

Next toss-up.

What playwright of Three Sisters wrote about Lopakhin's purchase of Madame Ranevskaya's estate in The Cherry Orchard and also wrote The Seagull?

It's Madame Ranevskaya's estate.

Anton Chekhov.

Next toss-up.

What energy that appears in the Arrhenius equation is reduced by catalysts and is the energy that must be added for a reaction to proceed?

Pen Argyl.

- Activation energy.

- That is correct.

For your bonus.

What author of the screenplay for the 2012 film Lincoln explored the AIDS crisis in his two-part play Angels In America?

Tony Kushner is the correct answer.

Next toss-up.

What general, who lost an arm to friendly fire at Chancellorsville, led a unit stood in its...?

Or lead a unit that stood its ground at Bull Run, earning him the nickname...?

Pen Argyl.

- Stonewall Jackson.

- That is correct, Stonewall Jackson.

All right, for your bonus.

An abstract computer that operates on an infinite tape was theorized by what British polymath who developed a namesake artificial intelligence test?

- During.

- Say that again.

- During - I'm sorry, it's Alan Turing.

Turing instead of During.

Next toss-up.

What language, which was used to write the work Spiritual Couplets by the poet Rumi, as well as the Rubaiyat By Omar Khayyam, is spoken in Iran?

Pen Argyl.

- Persian.

- That is correct.

For your bonus.

Charles VI's Pragmatic Sanction legitimized the rule of what Queen, who lost Silesia to Frederick the Great?

- Elizabeth.

- Maria Theresa is the correct answer.

And with that, we've reached our first Lightning Round.

In a pre-match coin toss, it was determined that Lehighton will get to pick between Alliterative Names or Latin Phrases.

- Alliterative Names.

- All right, Lehighton, you have Alliterative Names.

Pen Argyl, that leaves you with Latin Phrases.

Alliterative Names.

Given the title of a written work, identify the author with an alliterative name who wrote it.

A surname will be sufficient for this category.

The Giving Tree.

- Shel Silverstein.

- Correct.

Leaves Of Grass.

- Pass.

- The novel Ulysses.

- James Joyce.

- Correct.

Gone With The Wind.

- Pass.

- The Giver.

- Pass.

- Robinson Crusoe.

- Pass.

- The Lightning Thief.

- Rick Riordan.

- Correct.

The Tin Drum.

- Pass.

- One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest.

- Pass.

- The German novels Steppenwolf and Siddhartha.

- Pass.

- All right.

And with that, we'll move on to Pen Argyl.

Latin Phrases, Pen Argyl.

And quiet please on the Lehighton side.

Pen Argyl, Latin Phrases.

What Latin phrase often used in English can be translated as "seize the day"?

- Carpe diem.

- Correct.

Great work or greatest work?

- Magnum opus.

- Correct.

And so on.

- Et cetera.

- Correct.

Stiffness of death.

- Memento mori.

- Incorrect.

My fault.

- Pass.

- This for that.

- Pass.

- For the good.

- Pass.

- The other way around.

- Vice versa.

- Correct.

It does not follow.

- Pass.

- Remember that you must die.

- Memento mori.

- That is correct.

Pen Argyl, that was a tough round.

But if any of you go on to study law, you'll be learning a lot of those.

We'll continue on with the first half with the following toss-up.

What artist of Swans Reflecting Elephants painted the Catalonian coast in the background of The Persistence Of Memory, which depicts melting clocks?

- Lehighton.

- Salvador Dali.

- That is correct.

For your bonus.

What author, who mocked the Reformation in A Tale Of A Tub, satirically suggests that Irish children should be eaten in his essay A Modest Proposal?

- Pass.

- Jonathan Swift was the answer we were looking for.

Next toss-up.

What city near the confluence of the Saint-Charles and St Lawrence Rivers is the namesake of the capital of the largest province by area in Canada?

Pen Argyl.

- Quebec.

That's right, Quebec City.

Correct.

For your bonus.

What Greek letter has a lowercase version used in defining limits with epsilon and an uppercase version that represents change?

- Delta?

- That is correct.

Next toss-up.

What novel, in which Dr Manette is freed from the Bastille, begins, "It was the best of times, "it was the worst"...?

Lehighton.

- A Tale Of Two Cities.

- That is correct.

For your bonus, an Italian word meaning "sustained" named what piano pedal, the middle one on a modern piano, which allows a player to sustain some, but not all notes?

- Pass.

- The sostenuto pedal.

Next toss-up.

What club-wielding character who attacks Merope is turned into a constellation after he is killed by a scorpion and is a mythical...?

Lehighton.

- Orion.

- That is correct.

For your bonus.

The so-called Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy began in 1309 when Pope Clement V set up his court in what city in southern France?

- Versailles.

- Incorrect.

Avignon is the city they set it up in.

Next toss-up.

What name given to a fertility figurine found in Willendorf, Austria also refers to the Roman goddess of love and the second planet from the Sun?

Pen Argyl.

- Venus.

- That is correct.

For your bonus.

What five-letter physics term describes an ideal body with zero deformation, so its shape and size remain constant when a force is applied?

- Scale.

- Rigid body.

Rigid is what we're looking for.

Next toss-up.

What element, whose value of 3.98 on the Pauling scale makes it the most electronegative element, is a pale yellow gas and is the lightest halogen?

Lehighton.

- Helium.

- Incorrect.

Pen Argyl, there's still some time.

- Chlorine.

- That is correct.

And for your bonus.

What title is held by the monarchy's representative former British colonies such as Canada...?

...In former British colonies such as Canada and New Zealand?

- Common law?

- It's the governor-general that we're looking for.

The score is Lehighton 115, Pen Argyl 135.

And to maintain social distancing, we had students answer a question pre-match.

We asked them what they did during the lockdown in 2020.

Here's their answers.

- Hi, my name is Liam Dhoni.

I'm a senior at Pen Argyl High School, and over quarantine, I trained a lot for hockey and also played the piano guitar.

Hi, my name's Kayla Holly, and I'm a senior at Pen Argyl High School.

I spent most of my quarantine exercising and catching up on much-needed sleep.

I'm John Osborne.

I'm a sophomore at Pen Argyl High School, and during quarantine I slept and listened to music.

Hi, my name is Avery Edmonds, and I'm a senior at Pen Argyl High School.

And during quarantine, I trained for baseball and played video games.

Hi, my name is Miranda Gangally.

I'm a junior at Lehighton Area High School, and over quarantine, I just worked out and picked up baking.

My name's Holly Fascing.

I'm a senior at Lehighton Area High School, and during quarantine I did a lot of hiking.

I'm Josh Fanza.

I am a senior at Lehighton Area High School, and during quarantine I played a lot of video games.

I'm James Devore.

I'm a junior at Lehighton Area High School, and during quarantine I watched a lot of anime.

Welcome back.

We begin the second round with this toss-up.

What President, who Giuseppe Zangara tried to assassinate, imposed a bank holiday and signed the National Recovery Act while launching the New Deal?

Pen Argyl.

- Franklin Roosevelt.

- That's correct.

For your bonus.

In 1958, businessman Harry Winston donated what blue gemstone, which is over 45 carats, to the Smithsonian Institution?

- Sapphire.

- Incorrect.

It's the Hope Diamond.

Next toss-up.

What NBA team, which plays home games at Capital One Arena, made a trade...?

Pen Argyl.

- The Washington Wizards.

- That is correct.

They made a trade with the Rockets to acquire Russell Westbrook.

For your bonus.

Seoul, South Korea lies on what river which empties into the Yellow Sea near Incheon?

The Han River is the correct answer.

Next toss-up.

Oval BA lies beneath what phenomenon, an anticyclonic storm approximately twice as wide as the Earth that is in the southern hemisphere of Jupiter?

Lehighton.

- The Great Red Spot.

- That is correct.

Your bonus will be a math, pencil and paper ready.

What quotient results when three raised to the seventh power is divided by nine squared?

- 81.

- That's incorrect, it's 27.

Next toss-up.

The one-country, two-system policy was enacted in what region as a condition of its handover in 1997 from the United Kingdom to China?

Lehighton.

- Hong Kong.

- That is correct.

For your bonus.

What European country's namesake nationalist party is led by First Minister Nicola Sturgeon, who supports a second independence referendum?

- Czechia.

- Incorrect, Scotland.

Next toss-up.

What country disputes the region of Nagorno-Karabakh with its western neighbor Armenia and is governed from the Caspian Sea port of Baku?

Lehighton.

- Azerbaijan?

- That is correct.

For your bonus.

A book of stories about the life of the fictional town of Morgana, Mississippi titled The Golden Apples is by what author of Why I Live At The PO?

- Pass.

- It's Eudora Welty.

Next toss-up.

What country, whose major cities include its economic center of Abidjan, is west of Ghana and is named after a material derived from elephant tusks?

Lehighton.

- Cote d'Ivoire.

- That's correct.

Cote d'Ivoire is the correct answer.

I think we'll take that.

For your bonus.

In 1898, Congress passed the Newlands Resolution, allowing the US to annex what territory two years later?

- Florida.

- Incorrect, Hawaii is the correct answer.

Next toss-up.

What particle is a charge lepton less massive than the muon, is emitted by beta minus decay and occupies orbitals around atomic nuclei?

Lehighton.

- Electron.

- That's correct.

An electron.

For your bonus.

What sprinter who ran the hundred-meter dash in 10.72 seconds in April 2021 was barred from the Olympics after testing positive for marijuana?

- Pass.

- Sha'Carri Richardson is the correct answer.

Next toss-up.

The Monteagle letter helped to expose what 1605 plot, which was led by Robert Catesby and aimed at killing King James by blowing up Parliament?

Lehighton.

- The Gunpowder Plot.

- That is correct.

For your bonus.

Special relativity is partially based on an axiom stating that what physical quantity is the same in all reference frames?

- Pass.

- Speed of light is the correct answer.

Next toss-up.

What color, which represents a Northern Irish Protestant Fraternal Order is the actual color of airplanes' black boxes and a symbol of the Netherlands?

Pen Argyl.

- Orange.

- That's correct.

For your bonus, tens of thousands of women protested what mostly Catholic European nation's October 2020 Supreme Court ruling banning most abortions?

- Poland.

- That is correct.

Next toss-up.

What author of the story My Kinsman, Major Molineux wrote about an Italian scientist whose daughter is poisoned in his story Rappaccini's Daughter?

Nathaniel Hawthorne is the correct answer.

And we've reached our second Lightning Round.

Pen Argyl, you will get to pick from Constitutional Amendments or Joe Biden's Cabinet.

Quickly, Pen Argyl.

- Amendments.

- Constitutional Amendments.

Lehighton, that will leave you with Joe Biden's Cabinet.

Pen Argyl, Constitutional Amendments.

Which amendment to the US Constitution allows defendants to not testify against themselves?

- The fifth.

- Correct.

Contains the equal protection clause.

- Sixth.

- Incorrect.

Guarantees the right to keep and bear arms.

- Second.

- Correct.

Guarantees the right to a speedy trial.

- Third.

- Incorrect.

Is the only one that was later repealed.

- 18th.

- Correct.

Has free exercise and establishment clauses related to religious freedom.

- First.

- Correct.

Gave women the right to vote.

- 19th.

- Correct.

Prohibits forced peacetime quartering of soldiers in civilian homes.

- Third.

- Correct.

Reserves power for the states or the people.

- Fourth.

- Incorrect.

Moved the Presidential inauguration date to January 20th.

- 22nd.

- Incorrect.

Lehighton, your topic is Joe Biden's Cabinet.

What member of Joe Biden's cabinet is the first female Vice President?

- Kamala Harris.

- Correct.

Secretary of Transportation and the former mayor of South Bend.

- Pass.

- Attorney General and former Supreme Court nominee.

- Pass.

Treasury Secretary and former chair of the Federal Reserve.

- Pass.

- Secretary of State.

- Pass.

- The first African-American Defense Secretary.

- Pass.

- Secretary of Agriculture and the former governor of Iowa.

- Pass.

- The Cuban-born Secretary of Homeland Security.

- Pass.

- Secretary of Labor and a former mayor of Boston.

- Pass.

- Secretary of Education.

- Pass.

All right, Lehighton, tough bonus round on that, perhaps because they're not making the news quite as much as our last President's cabinet.

We'll now conclude the match with this final quarter of the game.

Toss-up ready in math, pencil and paper ready.

What expression's simplified radical form is equivalent to the square root of 50?

Pen Argyl.

- 5 times square root of 2.

- That is correct.

For your bonus.

The practice of dividing a larger state into smaller states is named after what European peninsula?

- Iberia.

- Incorrect.

It's the Balkans or Balkan Peninsula.

Next toss-up.

What two men who hired Toussaint Charbonneau at Fort Mandan and led the Corps of Discovery...?

- Lewis and Clark.

- That is correct.

Your bonus.

The land of Tortall is the setting of many young adult fantasy novels by what woman, whose Song Of The Lioness Quartet depicts a knight named Alanna?

- Pass.

- It's Tamora Pierce.

I've also never heard of it.

Next toss-up.

What company, whose Topeka workers complained of 84-hour work weeks and went on strike in July 2021, is a PepsiCo subsidiary that makes potato chips?

Lehighton.

- Lay's.

- We need the complete name.

- Frito-Lay.

- That is correct.

For your bonus.

Daniel Caesar sings, "I left my girl, I'm in Majorca," in what 2021 song, which is named for items that Justin Bieber claims to have procured out of Georgia?

- Peaches.

That is correct.

Next toss-up.

What composer, who includes The Girl With Flaxen Hair among his preludes, also wrote the prelude to The Afternoon Of A Faun and Clair De Lune.

- Pen Argyl.

- Debussy.

- That is correct.

Claude Debussy.

For your bonus, the 660 km Discontinuity separates the upper and lower portions of what layer, which lies below the Mohorovicic Discontinuity?

- Pass.

- It's Earth's mantle is the correct answer.

Next toss-up.

What author described a voice from above that announces the salvation of Gretchen at the end of an 1808 play named after German scholar Faust.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is the correct answer.

Next toss-up.

What mathematician provided the infinitude of primes and includes the parallel postulate in his namesake system of geometry in The Elements?

Lehighton.

- Euclid.

- That is correct.

For your bonus.

In 1995, a terrorist bombing in what city killed 168 people, including 19 children, and destroyed the Alfred P Murrah Federal Building?

- Pass.

- The correct answer is Oklahoma City.

Next toss-up.

What man, who said to "cast down your bucket" in his 1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech led the Tuskegee Institute and was a rival of WEB Du Bois?

Pen Argyl.

- Booker T Washington.

- That is correct.

For your bonus.

A man nicknamed Falafel, who died in 2020, was the world's highest-ranked player in what ancient board game, whose pieces include a doubling cube?

- Chinese checkers.

- Incorrect.

You're not big Falafel fans there.

It's backgammon.

Next toss-up.

What miniseries in which Benny helps to analyze Borgov's match against Beth in Moscow is a Netflix show starring Anya Taylor-Joy as a chess prodigy?

Pen Argyl.

- The Queen's Gambit.

- That is correct.

For your bonus.

Stephanie Kwolek discovered what molecule with liquid crystal properties that is stronger than steel, making it useful for bulletproof vests?

- Kevlar.

- That is correct.

Next toss-up.

What author, who wrote about an animal named Dan'l Webster in The Celebrated Jumping Frog Of Calaveras County, created Becky Thatcher and Tom Sawyer?

Lehighton.

- Mark Twain.

- That's correct.

For your bonus.

After being fatally stabbed by Tabitha, what character jokes, "Ask me for tomorrow, "and you shall find me a grave man," in Shakespeare's Romeo And Juliet?

- Mercutio.

- Mercutio was correct, but we're all out of time before...

He did not buzz in before the answer.

Really great match between two very great teams in the second round.

Pen Argyl, congratulations.

You'll move on to the second round with 285 points.

Lehighton, 235 points.

Thank you very much for being on the show.

Have a great rest of the school year.

Thanks to both teams, and thank you for tuning in.

We'll see you next week when Liberty faces off against Parkland.