- Hello scholars and welcome to second grade on Read, Write, ROAR.

Today, we are going to focus on our big question, What are different types of deserts and what animals live there?

Hmmm.

Today, we are also going to read and write contractions.

We will be learning and comparing different types of deserts.

So get your paper and something to write with and let's get ready to Read, Write, ROAR.

- [Announcer] This program is made possible in part by Michigan Department of education, the state of Michigan, and The Kresge Foundation.

Additional support for educational programming provided by and by viewers like you.

(tropical music playing) (lion roaring) (lion roaring) - Oh, hi scholars.

I'm Mrs. Z-K. And today, we are going to be working on some word patients.

That's right.

I said patients.

We're gonna pretend like we're doctors doing some surgery.

Will you help me out?

That's awesome.

We are going to be making contractions.

Can you say that?

Contractions, yes.

Contractions are when we put two words together in a shortened version, meaning we kicked some letters out and then we bring we boop, bring an apostrophe in.

An apostrophe looks like this.

Today, we are going to be putting our two words together with the uh-oh, when you have a owie, yeah, we use the band-aid.

We're gonna stick our words together with the apostrophe band-aid today.

So can I see you do that with your hands?

Can we remove some letters and then boop, put the letters together with an apostrophe?

Yeah, you'll do that with me?

Take the letters out and put the word together.

And we say boop, with the apostrophe.

Nice work.

You're ready to help.

I know you are.

(claps) Well, we have our first word patients.

We have could and have.

What's that Loud?

Oh, I need to practice some safety.

Hold on.

I almost forgot my goggles.

Yes.

This is serious surgery.

I'm trying to tell you.

Loud, as you can see is going to be my assistant along with you.

Right, of course.

Okay.

So, I think we're good.

All right.

So, these two words want to become one word and they want to be a contraction.

So, I'm going to say that we are going to have to remove some letters from the second word.

Thank you, Loud.

And I have to get rid of the H and the A (scissors cutting) So, I'm removing some letters out.

And we need to boop, put an apostrophe in.

But look at this big space, we don't need that 'cause surgeons, let's get these words together.

Whoa, gotta be very careful here.

Okay, and I need to grab our apostrophe band-aid.

(sighs) Whoa.

Nice job, scholars.

So, we had could have, and now we have our contraction word, could've.

Can you say that?

Absolutely.

So, I could have rode a camel when I was in the desert or I could've rode a camel when I was in the desert.

Nice job.

But now, I wanna change this word could've to would've.

Hmmm.

What'd you say, Loud?

He's saying we only have to change one letter.

See, don't make it difficult.

Could've to would've (gasps) it's the beginning sound, kuh could've, wuh would've.

(gasps) I need to change that kuh to a wuh Oh, nice job.

Would've.

This is the same as saying would have.

I would have rode the camel if I went to the desert.

Or I could say I would've rode the camel.

We're gonna change it one more time, Loud?

Oh my gosh.

One more time he said.

This time, the word's gonna change from would've to should've.

Ooh, what needs to change?

Would've, should've.

Hmmm.

Loud says the beginning sound again.

Wuh would've, sh should've.

(gasps) What makes that sh sound?

You're right.

Sh is made with the S H. So now, we have S H at the beginning of our word and this word is should've.

Can you say that?

Nice work.

Should've is the same thing as saying should have.

But instead of having two words, they only have one.

Mm-hmm So, I should've rode the camel when I was at the desert.

Or I should have rode the camel when I was at the desert.

Mm-hmm This time, I want you to write the contraction words with me.

Can you get that paper and pencil ready?

(tropical music playing) (lion roaring) Oh, scholars, Loud says we have more patients.

Mm-hmm.

Let's get them ready.

You're ready?

Yes.

Our first word is I.

It wants to become a contraction with the word, will.

Ooh.

I will.

Hmmm.

I will need to bring water with me if I'm going to the desert.

Mm-hmm.

But if I put those together into a contraction, the word would be I'll.

I'll need to bring water with me if I'm going to the desert.

Yeah, because the desert is such a dry place.

You'll get very thirsty.

So, if I want to change this word to I'll, we have to remove some letters and boop, put that apostrophe to put the word together.

Are you ready to help?

Thank you so much.

All right, let's get it.

We need to remove the W and the I. I'm trying to be very careful, scholars.

Loud?

Okay.

Loud says he's watching.

(scissors cutting) All right.

So, remove the letters and put the word together with the apostrophe.

Uh-oh, that space is too big.

I need to get this word close together.

Yeah.

There's not big spaces in between the word.

Let's get this word close together and get our apostrophe band-aid.

Oh.

Nice work.

All right.

We've made the contraction, I'll.

(sighs) That was a lot of work.

Can you say I'll?

Nice.

(gasps) We're gonna change that?

What are we changing it too?

Loud says we're changing it to we will.

The contraction for we will is we'll.

So, we will need some water if we go to the desert.

Or we'll need some water if we go to the desert.

So we're gonna change that first word, I, to the word, we.

And now have the contraction, we'll.

Will you say that with me?

We'll, which is the same thing as we will.

Awesome.

Changing again?

(gasps) He says to he will.

What is the contraction for he will?

He'll.

He will need water if he goes to the desert.

Or he'll need water if he goes to the desert.

Loud says we're only changing the beginning sound 'cause it's wuh e'll and ha e'll.

Oh, so it's just a ha at the beginning and that will change the whole word.

The word is he'll.

He'll need water if he goes to the desert.

(laughs) Loud thinks we're gonna be working all day, I think.

Okay.

He said just one more, one more change.

Change this contraction to she'll.

Hmmm She'll.

What word needs to change if we want to make it she'll?

Sh (gasps) I know what makes that sound.

And we already have one of its letters.

You're right.

We just need to add a S at the beginning so that we have a S H and now we have sh.

You know, like she will need water if she goes to the desert.

Or she'll need water if she goes to the desert.

Oh my goodness, scholars.

Thank you so much for helping me with that.

(happy music playing) - Hi, scholars.

I'm Mrs. Ziegler.

Let's get ready to read Desert Animals Biome Beasts by Lisa Colozza Cocca.

While listening to this story about desert animals, we will organize our thinking in this triple Venn diagram which will help us compare and contrast the different types of deserts.

What do you already know about the deserts?

Excellent.

Those are great ideas.

I know that they are very hot and dry but I also know that there's a lot I don't know.

It's good to think about what we already know before we read a book because it will help us along the way.

Oh.

Hey Ellie, what are you doing here?

Ellie is one of my favorite animal friends.

She said she's here today to teach us about some words before we read our book that'll help us better understand the desert.

I know you'll be an awesome teacher because you have such a great memory.

Are you ready?

What's our first word, Ellie?

Adaptation.

Can you say that with us?

Adaptation.

An adaptation is a special skill or a physical change that helps an animal survive its habitat.

Here's a little picture of a paw with some fur on it that we'll learn about in our book today.

The next word is burrow.

Say that with us.

Burrow.

A burrow is a hole dug in the ground by an animal that keeps it safe.

The next word is dew.

Dew are those little water droplets that you notice maybe in the morning time or the evening on the grass or maybe in a spider web.

The next word is dunes.

Say that one with us.

Dunes.

Dunes are hills of sand that are made by the wind.

Then next word is glands.

Say that one with us, glands, glands.

Glands are part of your body that can release or absorb certain substances.

The next word is nocturnal.

Say that one with us, nocturnal.

Nocturnal means to be awake and active at night.

The next word is a long one.

It is precipitation.

Say that one with us.

Precipitation.

Precipitation simply means rain or moisture falling from the sky.

The next word is predators.

Ooh, Ellie, can we break that one down?

Predators.

Predators are an animal that survives mostly by killing other animals.

The next word is prey.

Say that one with us.

Prey.

Prey are smaller animals that are the food of the predators.

And the last word is sensitivity.

Say that with us.

Sensitivity.

Sensitivity is having in one of your senses.

What you see, what you hear, what you smell, what you taste and what you touch really, really well.

It means you can do it really, really well.

What's that Ellie?

Yes.

The sensitivity of your ears allows you to hear things really far away.

Thanks, Ellie.

Yes, we will keep our own big ears open for those words as we read today.

Desert Animals Biome Beasts by Lisa Colozza Cocca.

As we see in the table of contents, there are four different types of deserts, hot deserts, semiarid deserts, coastal deserts, and cold deserts.

We're gonna focus on three of those today, the hot, coastal and cold.

Let's add those to our triple Venn diagram right now.

In your triple Venn diagram, you'll have three circles.

On the top left circle, let's write the word hot.

On the circle on the right, we'll write coastal, and the circle on the bottom, we'll write cold.

Now, the space in between the hot and cold where they overlap is what we will listen for what they have in common.

The space where coastal and cold overlap, is what those two will have in common.

The space between cold and hot is what they have in common.

And then the circle or space right in the middle is what they all have in common.

All right.

Let's go back to our book and read about the hot desert first.

Listen for some information that we can add to our triple Venn.

There are hot deserts in North Africa, the Southwestern United States, Mexico and Australia.

Fall, winter and spring are warm.

Summer is hot.

Temperatures sometimes reach 114 degrees Fahrenheit.

Phew.

These deserts usually receive less than 12 inches of rain each year.

Ground-hugging shrubs, woody trees and cactus grow here.

The horned Viper is one of the many snakes living in hot deserts.

Some scientists think the scales over its eyes might be an adaptation to protect the eyes from the sand.

The horned Viper is a sidewinder.

It moves by throwing loops of its body ahead.

Only two points of its body are in contact with the hot sand at one time.

Most mammals here are nocturnal or active at night, including the fennec fox.

It is the smallest kind of fox.

Its big ears release heat from its body.

Its long, thick golden hair covers even the soles of its feet.

The hair keeps the fox warm at night and protects its feet from hot sand.

Did you know that kangaroo rat lives in the hot desert?

It gets water from the seeds it eats.

It has no sweat glands, so water loss is low.

Several kinds of birds, such as greater roadrunners have adapted to the hot desert.

Greater roadrunners can fly, but they're better at running.

They get water from the foods they eat, such as bugs, lizards and rodents.

Their bodies reabsorb water rather than expel it.

Special nasal glands remove extra salt and slow water loss.

What do you remember?

You can write your own facts or you can include what I remembered.

The first thing I remember is where they were located, North Africa, Southwest USA, Mexico and Australia.

I also remember that they are always hot.

Let's write that one down.

And last, I wanna write down some of the interesting animals like the fox, kangaroo rat, and the roadrunner.

Great job.

Now let's read to find out about the coastal desert.

Coastal deserts.

Coastal deserts have cool winters and warm summers.

They average three to five inches of rain each year.

Bushes, brush and rice grasses grown here.

Many snakes live in coastal deserts including Peringuey's adder.

Most snakes have eyes on the sides of their heads, but this adder's eyes are on the top.

When the snake buries its body in the sand, it can still see because of its eye location.

It can catch a passing lizard for dinner without being seen.

Many mammals found on savannas have adapted to life in coastal deserts.

The elephants in coastal deserts have smaller bodies, longer legs and broader feet like our friend Ellie, than elephants in savannas.

These adaptations help elephants cross the desert and climb over sand dunes to reach a watering hole.

Another adaptation is that elephants here travel in small groups instead of in large herds.

This way, there are fewer animals sharing the water.

Owls, eagles and vultures live in coastal deserts.

They get their water from the food they eat.

Humboldt penguins nest in the coastal desert in South America.

The penguins drink salt water and eat fish from the ocean.

Unlike cold-climate penguins, these birds are not completely covered by feathers.

They have pink patches of skin around their eyes and bills that release heat from their bodies.

Now let's go and add some information about the coastal desert to our chart, and think about something that they had in common.

I remember that they have cool winters and warm summers.

I also remember a lot of things about the elephant, our friend, Ellie.

Elephants have small bodies, long legs, big feet.

Now, let's think about something they had in common.

How were the hot and the coastal deserts similar?

How did they compare?

Yes.

They both have snakes and lizards.

Great job.

Now let's go back to the book and read about the cold desert.

Cold deserts.

Cold deserts have long, freezing winters and short, cold summers.

Precipitation comes as snow.

Antarctica is a cold desert.

About 98% of it is covered by ice.

There are no trees, bushes, or cold blooded animals in this biome.

Did you know?

Like most cold desert mammals, the Arctic wolf has two layers of fur.

It also has padded paws to help it move on the frozen ground.

Their padded paws are kind of like the boots that we have to wear in the winter.

The Arctic fox's warm, thick fur is white in winter and brown in summer.

Its short, wide, front-facing ears provide the fox with excellent hearing.

The fox can hear prey moving below the snow.

It jumps into the air and pounces through the snow and onto the prey.

There are about 46 kinds of birds in Antarctica.

They all have waterproof feathers with a second layer of feathers underneath.

Most of them spend only part of the year in this biome.

Emperor penguins spend about four months of the year nesting on the cold desert.

During this time, they enter the nearby ocean for food and water.

Desert biomes can be hot, semiarid, coastal or cold.

They have little precipitation.

Many animals have adapted to the extreme conditions found in these biomes.

What are some things we could write about the cold desert?

I was thinking that too.

They are, they have long freezing winters.

I wanna write about the Arctic wolf.

Arctic wolf has thick fur.

And do you remember how many different kinds of birds there were in the cold desert?

That's right.

46 kinds of birds.

Now, do you remember something that the coastal and the cold desert had in common that we could put right here in the middle?

Excellent.

They both had penguins.

Go ahead and write that.

Now, really gonna test our brain here.

Can you remember something that the cold and hot desert had in common?

They both had foxes with thick fur.

And lastly, what did all three deserts have in common?

Something to do with one of our vocabulary words.

Yes, they have very little precipitation.

Excellent job, readers and writers.

You did a great job of using the information from the book to compare and contrast the different types of deserts.

You could easily take this information and write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the hot and the cold desert.

How were they similar and different?

How is a desert habitat similar and different to the habitat where you live?

Keep reading and get outdoors to explore.

Thanks for joining me today and we'll see you on the next Read, Write, ROAR.

- [Announcer] This program is made possible in part by Michigan Department of Education, the state of Michigan, and The Kresge Foundation.

Additional support for educational programming provided by and by viewers like you.

(happy music playing) (piano playing)