HELLO, I'M ROY UNDERHILL, AND THIS IS A LITTLE ENGLISH GARDEN WHEELBARROW I'M MAKING FOR MY DAUGHTER RACHEL.

IT'S SO SIMPLE AND STRONG WITH ITS MIGHT-TURNED HUB.

IT'S GOOD TO TAKE SOIL TO THE GARDEN OR DAD HOME FROM THE PUB.

IT'S ELM AND IT'S OAK, AND SOME ASH FOR THE SPOKE.

IN FACT, ALLOW ME TO KNEEL AND SHOW YOU THIS WHEEL THAT'S READY FOR NOW FOR ITS BANDING OF STEEL THAT HEATS IN THIS FIRE WITH ITS CRACKLE AND POP.

YES, IT'S ENGLISH WHEELBARROWS NEXT IN THE OLD "WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."

Announcer: MAJOR FUNDING FOR "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP" IS PROVIDED BY... MORE THAN 40 MILLION PEOPLE WHO CARE FOR THEIR CARS AND HOMES CHOOSE STATE FARM FOR THEIR INSURANCE.

STATE FARM, A PROUD SUPPORTER OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."

[CARS HONKING] CAPTIONING MADE POSSIBLE BY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION HI, I'M ROY UNDERHILL.

WELCOME BACK TO "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."

WELL, WE ARE GOING TO BEGIN OUR 2-PART SESSION MAKING AN ENGLISH GARDEN WHEELBARROW, AND IF YOU LOOK AT THE WORD "WHEELBARROW," YOU SEE, OF COURSE, IT'S IN 2 PARTS: WHEEL AND BARROW.

WE'RE GONNA MAKE THE WHEEL THIS TIME.

WE'LL DO THE BARROW LATER WHEN WE GET TOGETHER AGAIN.

I HOPE YOU'LL EXCUSE THAT DOGGEREL-- THAT AWFUL RHYMING I WAS DOING EARLIER, BUT RHYMING'S A BIG PART OF MAKING WHEELS BECAUSE THE OLD POEM, "THE DEACON'S MASTERPIECE," BY OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES.

NOW I HAVE GOT THIS WHEEL ABOUT READY.

IT'S GOT THE--THIS HERE HAS AN OAK HUB.

WE'LL DO ELM LATER.

BUT ASH SPOKES.

AND THEN THE ROUNDS THERE, ALSO ASH, THOS ARE CALLED "FELLIES."

THE PART THAT'S MISSING, OF COURSE, IS THE STEEL TIRE.

NOW WHAT YOU DO IS YOU WELD UP A LOOP OF STEEL THAT IS SMALLER THAN THE ACTUAL DIAMETER OF THE WHEEL, HEAT IT IN A FIRE, LIKE I'M DOING HERE, AND THEN WE'LL DROP THAT EXPANDED-- 'CAUSE OF COURSE THE FIRE IS EXPANDING THE STEEL HERE.

AND YOU CAN TELL WHEN IT'S HOT ENOUGH BY RUBBING A STICK ON IT, AND IF IT KIND OF GETS GREASY AND SMOKED-- IT'S A LITTLE BIT COOL HERE-- BUT I'M GONNA GIVE IT A SHOT ANYWAY 'CAUSE IT'S ONLY 1/8-INCH STEEL.

BUT IT EXPANDS BIG ENOUGH THAT YOU CAN PUT IT ON THE WHEEL, AND WITH SOME LUCK, THIS WILL FIT.

NOW, OF COURSE, AS WE GET IT ON THERE, IT WILL THEN SCORCH A LITTLE BIT, AND MAYBE-- THERE WE GO; PERFECT-- AND SHRINK DOWN.

WE WANT TO GET IT--WE WANT TO GET IT SO HOT THAT IT BURNS THE FELLIES THERE.

SO, WE'LL TAKE THE WATER VERY QUICKLY AND COOL IT DOWN.

OH, YEAH.

COOL IT DOWN.

YEAH.

OH, THAT'S NICE.

THAT FEELS GOOD.

THERE YOU GO.

SO THERE'S OUR WHEEL-- WHOA!

STILL SCORCHING.

YEAH.

YOU DON'T WANT IT TO BURN, OF COURSE, BECAUSE THAT WILL MAKE IT-- THE WOOD SMALLER, AND THE TIRE WON'T FIT AGAIN.

ALL RIGHT.

WELL, I'M GONNA PUT THIS BACK ON OUR WHEELBARROW.

WE'LL GO AHEAD INSIDE AND SEE HOW TO MAKE THE WOODEN PART OF THE WHEEL.

I'LL HAVE TO STAY OUT HERE FOR A SECOND AND PUT OUT THE FIRE.

SO I'LL SEE YOU BACK IN THE SHOP.

WE'LL BEGIN MAKING OUR WOODEN WHEEL FOR OUR WHEELBARROW IN JUST A SECOND.

"SO THE DEACON INQUIRED OF THE VILLAGE FOLK "WHERE HE COULD FIND THE STRONGEST OAK, "THAT COULDN'T BE SPLIT NOR BENT NOR BROKE..." SO GOES "THE DEACON'S MASTERPIECE," THAT POEM FROM THE 19th CENTURY BY OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, AND THAT'S WHERE THE DEACON BUILDS HIS WONDERFUL ONE HORSE SLEIGH, NOT A WHEELBARROW, BUT WITH EVERY PART AS STRONG AS THE OTHER SO NOTHING WILL BREAK.

IT JUST WEARS OUT.

IT LASTED 100 YEARS AND A DAY AND THEN FELL TO DUST.

ALL RIGHT.

WELL, WE'RE NOT GONNA WORRY ABOUT THAT, I HOPE.

IN FACT, WE'RE NOT GONNA WORRY ABOUT THE BODY OF THIS.

WE'RE JUST GONNA WORK ON THE WHEEL.

WE'RE GONNA WORK ON THIS WHEEL.

I'M GONNA TAKE IT APART THERE.

PULL THAT BOLT.

CARRIAGE BOLTS, NO LESS, EVEN THOUGH WE'RE MAKING A WHEELBARROW.

THEY DON'T MAKE WHEELBARROW BOLTS.

SO PULL THIS OUT, AND YOU'LL SEE THE WHEEL IS NOT A PROPER WHEEL WITH AN--THAT RUNS ON AN AXEL, IF YOU KNOW WHAT I MEAN.

HERE WE GO.

GOD.

I'LL TEAR IT ALL APART.

THIS RUNS ON GUDGEONS.

YOU SEE THESE STEEL SHAFTS THAT COME OUT OF THE HUB.

THOSE ARE CALLED GUDGEONS OR TRUNIONS.

THEY HAVE ALL KIND OF ODD NAMES FOR IT.

SO WE HAVE THE GUDGEONS, THE HUB BAND, THE HUB, AND THEN MOVING OUT WE HAVE THE SPOKES--THESE 2 SPOKES, THE FELLIES OUT HERE-- THERE'S 4 FELLIES, AND THEN OF COURSE THE STEEL TIRE THAT WE'VE JUST PUT ON.

SO WE'RE GOING TO DO THESE WOODEN PARTS AGAIN STARTING WITH THE HUB, AND THAT OF COURSE ALSO HAS A VERSE FROM "THE DEACON'S MASTERPIECE."

HE ASKED FOR "THE HUBS OF LOGS OF THE SETTLER'S ELLUM, "LAST OF ITS TIMBER, THEY COULDN'T SELL 'EM, "NEVER AN AXE HAD SEEN THEIR CHIPS, "AND THE WEDGES FLEW FROM BETWEEN THEIR LIPS.

"THEIR BLUNT ENDS FRIZZLED LIKE CELERY-TIPS..." AND IF YOU HAVEN'T GOT IT FROM THAT POEM, ELM IS TOUGH TO SPLIT.

YOU THINK ABOUT IT, AND HERE IS ACTUALLY AN OAK HUB, BUT LOOK HOW IT'S PIERCED BY THE 2 SPOKES GOING THROUGH THERE.

SO THERE'S NOT MUCH LEFT.

YOU DON'T WANT TO HAVE A SPLIT WOOD RUIN THIS.

THESE SPOKES GO ALL THE WAY THROUGH THERE, SO YOU WANT TO HAVE TOUGH, TOUGH WOOD IN THE HUB, AND THAT'S WHY ON THIS NEXT ONE-- I'VE GOT 2 DAUGHTERS, SO I'VE GOT TO MAKE 2 WHEELBARROWS HERE-- IS GONNA BE ONE OUT OF ELM.

SO I'VE GOT SOME ELM HERE.

ELM IS VERY INTERLOCKED IN THE GRAIN.

IT'S NOT ONLY INTERLOCKED IN THE SENSE OF, YOU KNOW, THE GRAIN IS WOVEN LIKE THAT.

IT ALSO CHANGES DIRECTION.

SO YOU'VE GOT THESE KIND OF GNARLED--LIKE THIS--GRAIN, BUT IT'S CHANGING DIRECTIONS, CRISS-CROSSING, INSIDE THERE.

YOU SEE THAT WHEN YOU TRY AND PLANE THIS STUFF UP.

NOW, ONE OF THE KEY THINGS IN DOING ALL OF THIS KIND OF WORK IS IT HAS TO BE SEASONED VERY, VERY WELL.

I'VE GOT A PIECE OF ELM-- LET'S SEE-- HERE'S A PIECE OF ELM, NOT SEASONED AS WELL AS IT NEEDS TO BE, BUT LET'S JUST LOOK AT THE PLANING OF IT, AND YOU CAN SEE SOME OF THAT CONVOLUTION OF THE GRAIN THAT MAKES ELM VERY, VERY TOUGH TO SPLIT.

SO, HERE WE GO.

WORKS FINE ON THIS SIDE.

YOU CAN SEE I'VE GOT NICE SHAVINGS COMING ALONG, VERY SMOOTH.

I TRY OVER HERE, AND IT'S TEARING OUT BECAUSE THE GRAIN HAS SHIFTED.

SO THE ONLY WAY TO DEAL WITH THAT IS, OF COURSE, TO TURN THE PIECE AROUND AND GO BACK THE OTHER DIRECTION, IN WHICH CASE IT'S TEARING UP THAT WAY.

SO WHAT YOU OFTEN HAVE TO DO IS JUST GO ACROSS THE GRAIN WITH ELM.

SO NEVERTHELESS, DO YOUR ELM.

LET IT SHRINK AS SEASONED DRY FOR REALLY A YEAR, YEARS-- USUALLY A YEAR AN INCH IS WHAT PEOPLE SAY.

SO THIS 3-INCH SQUARE STALK NEEDS 3 YEARS TO DRY.

AND THIS HAS ACTUALLY HAD ABOUT 3 WEEKS, SO IT'S NOT QUITE READY.

NEVERTHELESS, BRING IT DOWN TO A PIECE, OH, THAT'S--LET'S SEE, 3-INCHES SQUARE.

HERE'S ONE.

ALL RIGHT.

3-INCHES SQUARE, AND LAY OUT A SECTION RIGHT HERE IN THE MIDDLE-- THIS IS A LITTLE OPENING NOW.

IT'S GONNA BE AN INCH AND 1/4.

I'M GONNA DEFINE IT WITH MY CHISEL HERE A LITTLE BETTER.

AN INCH AND 1/4 BY 3-INCHES LONG, AND THAT'S WHERE THE BROAD SPOKE IS GONNA GO THROUGH.

JUST RIGHT.

AND THEN TO BORE IT, WE'LL USE THIS BIG AUGER HERE.

LOOK AT THIS BIG OLD THING.

THIS IS A BIG T-HANDLE AUGER, AND I'VE LAID OUT A CENTER LINE, SO I'M GONNA BE VERY ACCURATE, 'CAUSE YOU'VE GOT AN INCH AND 1/4 MORTISE, AND AN INCH AND 1/4 AUGER.

SEE, I HAVE TO LEAN OVER TO BRING IT OVER THAT WAY A LITTLE BIT.

YOU'VE GOT TO BE DEAD ON.

SO WHAT YOU DO IS LAY THIS OUT VERY CAREFULLY IN SQUARE STALK FROM BOTH SIDES... ALL RIGHT, NOW YOU CAN SWITCH HANDS THERE TO GET A LITTLE BIT MORE GO AROUND-- AND BORE DOWN UNTIL YOU MEET IN THE MIDDLE.

EVERY NOW AND THEN WHILE YOU'RE DOING THIS, YOU WANT TO STOP AND TAKE YOUR SQUARE AND CHECK IT AGAINST THERE.

JUST TAKE THAT SQUARE, SET IT AGAINST THE SIDE THERE, AND CHECK THAT YOU'RE GOING DOWN STRAIGHT.

AND, YOU KNOW, IF YOU TRY AND BORE ALL THE WAY THROUGH, I MEAN YOU HAVE TO BE ABSOLUTELY, POSITIVELY, SUPERBLY PERFECT THAT YOU ARE SQUARE TO THINK THAT YOU'RE GONNA COME OUT THROUGH THAT OPENING.

YOU'LL ONLY HAVE TO BE HALF AS RIGHT IF YOU'RE WILLING TO DO WHAT I JUST DID, WHICH IS BORE DOWN HALFWAY FROM ONE SIDE AND HALFWAY FROM THE OTHER SIDE, SO YOU GET THOSE 2 AUGER HOLES DOWN THERE, AND THEN YOU'RE READY TO START HOLLOWING OUT A LITTLE MORE.

NOW WE'VE GOT ANOTHER ONE IN ANOTHER STAGE HERE, AND THAT'S SOMETHING YOU CAN DO TO HELP ACTUALLY DRY THIS WOOD A LITTLE BIT IS TO GO AHEAD AND BORE-- NOT MAKE THIS OVERSIZED, SAY LIKE 3 1/4 INCHES, 3 1/2 INCHES, AND THEN CENTER AND BORE 1-INCH HOLES AND LET THAT--LET SOME OF THE MOISTURE OUT, AND THAT WILL HELP THIS DRY A LITTLE FASTER.

ALL RIGHT.

SO NOW WE'RE READY.

WE'VE GOT THE AUGER HOLES ALL THE WAY THROUGH.

NOW I'M READY TO KNOCK OUT THE WEB JUST USING A REGULAR CHISEL.

AND YOU CAN GO THROUGH THIS WEB PRETTY EASILY.

YOU CAN ACTUALLY DO THE END GRAIN JUST FINE.

BUT ELM IS NOT LIKE WORKING OAK.

REMEMBER HOW CONVOLUTED THE GRAIN IS.

SO WHEELWRIGHT'S TEND TO USE A TOOL THAT'S BEEN ADOPTED BY CARPENTERS AND TIMBER FRAMERS-- NOW I'M ALL THE WAY THROUGH-- AS WELL, AND IT IS A CHISEL THAT INSTEAD OF BEING FLAT IS L-SHAPED IN CROSS SECTION.

IT'S A RIGHT ANGLE.

THIS IS A CORNER CHISEL.

YOU CAN SEE HOW THIS HAS, WELL, IT'S THE SHAPE OF A CORNER.

AND IT'S MADE FOR JUST THIS JOB OF TRIMMING INTO A CORNER.

YOU CAN BITE YOUR WAY BACK OR YOU CAN GO RIGHT INTO IT.

YOU JUST HAVE TO... USE YOUR JUDGMENT AT THE START THERE.

THERE WE GO.

SEE THAT NICE CORNER IT DID?

LET'S TRY OVER HERE.

BECAUSE REMEMBER THE GRAIN IS NOT GONNA JUST SPLIT STRAIGHT ALONG THAT LINE.

THIS IS ELM, SO YOU HAVE TO CUT IT.

YOU CAN'T JUST RELY ON IT FOR A SPLIT SO MUCH IN ELM.

SO THERE WE GO.

THERE'S A NICE CORNER.

WORK THAT DOWN, AND CLEAR OUT THE INSIDE.

NOW YOU JUST TAKE-- WORK ON THIS VERY PRECISELY.

BUT ALL THAT PRECISION IS GOING TO AVAIL YOU NOTHING IF THE WOOD IS NOT DRY BECAUSE IT'S GOING TO SHRINK, AND THIS MORTISE, LIKE--LIKE IT'S A CIRCLE PAINTED ON A BALLOON AND YOU LET THE AIR OUT OF THE BALLOON AND THAT CIRCLE'S GONNA GET SMALLER, THAT'S WHAT'S GONNA HAPPEN TO THIS MORTISE.

THIS WILL SHRINK UP.

NOW, THAT'S FINE-- YOU WANT THAT IN SOME CASES.

BUT HERE IT'S A GOOD CHANCE OF SPLITTING THE WOOD BECAUSE YOUR NEXT THING IS TO TAKE A PIECE OF OAK FOR THE SPOKE, WE COULD SAY, DRIVE THAT THROUGH THERE.

THAT'S GOT TO FIT JUST PERFECTLY--TIGHT, NO GAPS, BUT NOT ENOUGH THAT IT'S GOING TO SPLIT THIS PIECE.

GET THIS HUB MORTISED OUT.

YOU MAKE THIS 1 1/4 BY 3-INCH PIECE OF OAK AS LONG AS YOU WANT THE DIAMETER OF THE WHEEL, SO I'M MAKING THESE WHEELS 16 1/2 INCHES-- DON'T ASK ME WHY--BUT 16 1/2 INCHES IN DIAMETER.

AND NOW YOU GO TO THE LATHE.

SO IT STARTS AT THE BENCH, GOES TO THE LATHE AS IT SO OFTEN DOES.

TAKE THAT PIECE, YOUR HUB NOW, AND IT'S ALL MORTISED, IT'S ALL NICE, HERE WE SEE IT-- IN THE LATHE READY TO TURN.

SO THIS WHEELWRIGHT'S OTHER DIMENSION, TURNING THE HUB.

IT'S KIND OF NEAT.

YOU CAN SEE THE MORTISE THERE SPINNING AWAY THAT OPENING RIGHT THERE.

YEAH, SO WE TURN IT DOWN... TO GET THE SHAPE OF THE HUB.

AND ELM TURNS FINE.

WE WANT TO TURN IT DOWN TO WHERE WE CAN PUT ON THE HUB BAND.

SO THIS HUB BAND IS GOING TO HOLD THIS ELM AGAINST SPLITTING WHEN THE GUDGEONS GO IN, 'CAUSE THEY'RE QUITE STOUT.

WE DON'T WANT TO HAVE ANY SPLITS.

SO THIS WILL GO ON.

WE'LL HAVE TO KEEP WORKING--OW!

WORKING IT DOWN ON THIS SHOULDER... UNTIL... THAT'S READY TO BE SHRUNK ON.

BUT UNLIKE THE TIRE THAT WE WERE DOING BEFORE, THIS SMALL-DIAMETER PIECE WILL NOT EXPAND A WHOLE LOT.

IT WON'T GET A HECK OF A LOT BIGGER TO FIT ON THAT END.

SO IT'S GOT TO BE A VERY CLOSE FIT.

YOU'VE GOT TO GET IT GOOD AND HOT, DRIVE IT ON FAST, AND EVEN STILL, A LITTLE BIT OF DRYING AND THIS WILL GET LOOSE.

SO ANYWAY, TURN THAT FOR THE GUDGEONS.

NOW WE'RE ALL READY, AND THE HUB BAND-- THERE'S ALL THESE GREAT WORDS-- FELLIES AND SPOKES.

WE ARE READY FOR THE SPOKES NOW.

GOD, I LEFT THAT ALL FUZZY.

THAT'S ALL RIGHT.

A REMINDER THAT I NEED TO CONTINUE.

YOU TAKE NOW THAT BROAD PIECE-- THAT 3-INCH PIECE-- THERE IT IS--THAT GOES THROUGH THE MORTISE.

THAT NOW, YOU PUT IT IN THE LATHE AND TURN IT DOWN TO THIS SHAPE.

SO NOW YOU'VE GOT A PIECE-- IT DOESN'T HAVE THAT HOLE IN THE MIDDLE YET, BUT IT'S TURNED DOWN TO BE ONE OF THE SPOKES.

LET ME GO AHEAD AND GET IT READY TO GO IN.

AND THIS I HAVE MARKED FOR ITS ALIGNMENT.

THERE WE GO.

SO THIS WILL GO IN THROUGH HERE AFTER IT'S TURNED.

ALL RIGHT.

LET'S SEE IF I CAN TAP THAT THROUGH THERE.

YOU'LL SEE THAT THOSE HOLES WILL LINE UP JUST PERFECTLY.

LET'S SEE IF I CAN GET THAT IN THERE.

AM I DOING THIS RIGHT?

YEAH.

OK, THE HOLE ALIGNS UP EXACTLY PERFECTLY.

WHY?

BECAUSE IT WAS BORED WHEN THESE 2 WERE PUT TOGETHER.

SO YOU PUT THAT PIECE THROUGH, THEN BORE THAT HOLE FOR THE NEXT SPOKE OR SET OF SPOKES, WHICH ARE ONE CONTINUOUS PIECE, THAT GOES THROUGH THIS HOLE.

NOW I HAVE TO LOOK AGAIN.

I'VE GOT THIS JUST KIND OF AN ODD-- YOU HAVE TO COME UP WITH SOME KIND OF NUMBERING SYSTEM WHEN YOU PUT THIS THING TOGETHER OR IT WILL JUST GET ALL CONFUSED.

YOU REMEMBER WHICH SIDE YOU'RE BEATING IN FROM.

BUT DON'T BE AFRAID.

YOU CAN DO THIS KIND OF WORK.

THIS IS NOT LIKE MAKING A BIG WAGON WHEEL, WHICH IS REALLY QUITE AN ACCOMPLISHMENT.

BUT IT'S A COOL THING TO DO.

ALL RIGHT.

SO GET THOSE THROUGH THERE.

NOW WE'VE GOT THE SPOKES IN THE HUB, AND I'M GONNA LINE THEM A BIT, AND WE'LL START ON THE FELLIES.

ALL RIGHT, AND THE FELLIES ARE THE NEXT COOL NAME.

LET ME SET THIS HERE, AND WE'LL TAP IT A LITTLE BIT MORE.

NOW I KNOW THAT THIS ONE IS ALIGNED BECAUSE I CENTERED IT AND THEN BORE THAT HOLE ALL THE WAY THROUGH.

AGAIN, AN INCH AND 1/4 HOLE.

BUT NOW THIS ONE I'VE GOT TO TAP IT UNTIL I SEE THAT 7-INCH COME OUT, AND THAT IS ALIGNED.

ALL RIGHT.

SO NOW THAT'S ALL READY.

AGAIN ELM, AND HERE WE HAVE OAK FOR THE SPOKES.

ASH IS REAL GOOD.

ASH IS ALMOST ALWAYS USED FOR THE FELLIES, BUT WE'RE GOING TO USE A BIT OF OAK RIGHT NOW, EVEN THOUGH I USED ASH BEFORE.

AND THEN I'LL LOOK AGAIN.

LET'S SEE WHERE WE ARE.

WE ARE AT THIS STAGE ON THE WHEEL.

THE HUB IS TURNED, THE SPOKE IS TURNED, THESE ARE THROUGH.

SO NOW WE'RE GONNA MAKE THESE SECTIONS-- AND YOU CAN SEE THERE'S 4 OF THEM.

THERE'S 1, 2, 3, 4, SO THERE'S 4 SECTIONS OF A CIRCLE.

THAT MEANS EACH OF THESE ANGLES IS 90 DEGREES TO THE OTHER TO THE CENTER HERE.

THAT MAKES IT A LITTLE EASIER.

MOST BIG WHEELS ARE GONNA HAVE A LOT MORE FELLIES TO THEM.

THIS IS A LOT LOT SIMPLER.

ALL RIGHT.

SO ONE THING IS DON'T MAKE ONE OF THESE THINGS AND SAY, "OH, I MADE WHEELS.

I CAN MAKE A WHEEL RIGHT NOW."

A REAL WHEEL WILL CORRECT YOU REAL FAST 'CAUSE IT'S A WONDERFUL WONDERFUL-- A VERY SOPHISTICATED AND PROUD TRADE.

SO WE WANT TO MAKE A PATTERN FOR EACH OF THESE FELLIES SO THAT THEY'RE ALL GONNA BE ALIKE.

SO WE KNOW THAT OUR WHEEL DIAMETER IS 16 1/2 INCHES, SO WE'RE GONNA SET THIS TO 8 1/4 TO THE RADIUS.

SO WE SET OUR COMPASS OR OUR TRAMMEL POINT TO 8 1/4.

AND THESE ARE CALLED TRAMMEL POINTS.

THEY JUST WORK ON A STICK LIKE A COMPASS.

AND THEN ON A THIN PIECE OF BOARD, LAY OUT OUR ARC JUST SO THAT IT'S MORE THAN THAT QUARTER OF A CIRCLE.

ALL RIGHT, AND THEN RESET THE TRAMMEL POINT FOR THE INSIDE DIAMETER.

YOU CAN SEE I ALREADY HAVE A PATTERN HERE, AND YOU'RE GONNA DO THAT.

ALL RIGHT.

AND CUT OUT THAT PATTERN PIECE OUT OF THAT THIN BOARD.

THAT'S READY TO GO NOW.

THE ONE THING YOU HAVEN'T DONE IS REALLY TO SQUARE THESE CORNERS.

BUT SINCE THERE'S 4 OF THESE, AND WE KNOW THAT IT'S A 90 DEGREE ANGLE...

BETWEEN THEM, YOU CAN SET IT ON A SQUARE.

SAY SQUARE ON IT, RATHER BECAUSE REMEMBER, THESE PIECES ARE LONG NOW.

AND LINE THEM UP AGAIN BECAUSE WE'RE 16 1/2-INCH WHEEL.

16, YOU DO 8.

HERE'S 16 1/2.

WE'RE GONNA DO 8 1/4.

SO THAT LINES UP AT 8 1/4.

THIS LINES UP AT 8 1/4.

WE DRAW A LINE ACROSS THERE AND DRAW A LINE ACROSS THERE, AND THERE IS OUR PATTERN FOR THE FELLY, THE SECTION OF THE WHEEL THAT GOES ROUND AND ROUND.

YOU CAN REMEMBER THAT, SAY A FELLY FOLLOWS-- EACH ONE FOLLOWS THE OTHER.

SO HERE WE ARE.

NOW WE'VE GOT TO LAY IT OUT ON THE PLANK.

AGAIN, SEASONED PLANK.

LAY IT OUT WITH CARE, ALIGNING THESE POINTS-- THESE POINTS HERE-- WITH THE EDGE OF THE BOARD.

SO THEY ARE LINED UP VERY CAREFULLY WITH THE EDGE OF THE BOARD.

THEN TRACE AROUND.

TRACE AROUND--WHOOP.

TRACE AROUND.

THEN SQUARE-- I GOTTA REACH OVER-- SQUARE DOWN FROM EACH OF THOSE POINTS ON THIS END.

SQUARE DOWN, AND THEN PUT THE POINTS ALIGNED WITH THOSE LINES ON THE OTHER SIDE AND DRAW THE SAME WAY.

IN OTHER WORDS, YOU WANT TO GET THE PATTERN ALIGNED ON BOTH SIDES OF YOUR PLANK.

SO THERE YOU GO.

I'VE GOT MY FELLY DESIGN LAID OUT ON THERE.

IT'S ACCURATE ON THE OTHER SIDE.

NOW COMES THE FUN PART.

WE'RE GONNA SAW IT OUT.

SO THAT GOES QUICKLY, TOO.

THE END OF THE BENCH WILL HAVE A LITTLE MORE SUPPORT.

AND GEORGE STURT, THE GUY WHO WROTE "THE WHEELWRIGHT'S SHOP," HE TALKED ABOUT SAWING THESE OUT-- SAWING OUT FELLIES, AND HOW IT WAS A PROFIT-LESS JOB.

HE HATED DOING THIS.

'CAUSE THE MEN WOULD GET TO CUT OUT REAL WHEEL FELLIES WITH AXES--THEY WOULD AXE OUT THE SHAPE AND CUT IT OUT WITH AXES.

WELL, HE WOULD HAVE TO CUT THE FELLIES FOR THE WHEELBARROWS OUT WITH A BOW SAW, AND IT'S A JOB THAT HE JUST HATED.

YOU NEED TO GLANCE AT BOTH SIDES TO SEE THAT YOU'RE RIGHT, BUT IT GOES PRETTY FAST.

LET'S SEE.

WE'RE ALL RIGHT.

WE'VE GOT ENOUGH CLEARANCE HERE.

JUST SO WE HAVE, WE'RE ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE LINE, 'CAUSE OUR NEXT STAGE IS TO-- HERE WE GO-- OUR NEXT STAGE IS TO SMOOTH THAT DOWN.

SO EACH FELLY...GETS SMOOTHED WITH A COUPLE OF COOL TOOLS.

YOU CAN USE A SPOKE SHAVE, WHICH IS OBVIOUSLY A WHEELWRIGHT'S TOOL, EVEN IN THE NAME, EVEN THOUGH I THINK I RECALL SOME DISPUTE ABOUT WHETHER THAT WAS ACCURATE.

BUT HERE'S A SPOKE SHAVE.

THERE WE GO.

AND WE CAN SMOOTH DOWN TO THE LINES.

ALL RIGHT, AND THERE'S ANOTHER TOOL WE CAN USE.

YOU CAN DO THIS WITH A PLANE, BUT YOU CAN ALSO DO THIS WITH A PLANE THAT'S REALLY COOL.

IT'S A FLEX-BOTTOM PLANE THAT IS ADJUSTABLE WITH SCREWS AND SUCH TO ALLOW YOU TO MATCH ANY-- WELL, WITHIN A CERTAIN RANGE-- ANY CONTOUR.

AND YOU CAN VERY QUICKLY BRING THE OUTSIDE SMOOTH.

THIS IS REALLY SMOOTH, BOY.

THAT IS--A FLY WOULD LAND ON IT AND SLIP AND BREAK ITS NECK RIGHT THERE.

ALL RIGHT.

THE INSIDE, AGAIN, JUST SOMETHING WITH THE SPOKE SHAVE.

ON--YEAH.

ALL RIGHT.

THERE YOU GO.

ALL RIGHT.

SO YOU BRING THESE TRUE DOWN TO THE LINE.

NOW YOU HAVE TO MAKE SURE THAT THEY'RE GONNA LINE UP IN A PERFECT CIRCLE.

AND JUST SHOW YOU A QUICK WAY OF DOING THAT HERE.

JUST TAKE A GLIMPSE AT IT.

SET 2 FELLIES, EACH ALIGNING FELLY--EACH JOINING FELLY-- IN A CLAMP THAT'S SET TO THE DIAMETER OF THE WHEEL.

TIE A ROPE HERE.

SEE I'VE GOT A LITTLE-- KIND OF CRANKED IN HERE, ROPES TO HOLD IT DOWN, AND THEN CURVE IN.

SEE WHAT I'VE GOT?

SEE THE GAP RIGHT THERE.

THERE'S A GAP, AND I'VE GOT IT HELD, AND I SAW BETWEEN-- OOP.

OOP, OOP.

IT'S GOTTA BE HELD REAL TIGHT.

REAL TIGHT.

SAW DOWN BETWEEN EACH GAP THERE, AND THE SAWING WILL TAKE AN EQUAL AMOUNT FROM BOTH PIECES-- BOTH ENDS OF THE FELLY.

AND AS LONG AS MY ALTITUDE, WHICH WILL CHANGE JUST A SLIGHT LITTLE BIT... ALL RIGHT.

NOW THAT GETS TO THE BOTTOM, AND THE SAW WILL PINCH.

THERE WE GO.

ALL RIGHT.

NOW THAT HAS BROUGHT THOSE TRUE AND TIGHT.

WE JUST KEEP DOING THAT AGAIN AND AGAIN UNTIL WE'VE DONE ALL THE WAY AROUND.

ALL RIGHT.

THEN... SEE, THERE'S A LOT IN EACH OF THESE WHEELS.

WE'LL NEED TO CLEAR THE DECK.

WE CAN GO AHEAD AND PUT THE WHEEL TOGETHER.

WE'LL BORE HOLES IN THE END OF EACH FELLY.

I'VE GOT THEM RIGHT HERE.

ALL RIGHT.

HERE ARE OUR FELLIES.

WE'LL TAKE EACH ONE AND SET THEM OUT.

WE'VE BORE HOLES IN THE END GRAIN-- YOU SEE HOW THERE'S A HOLE FOR A LITTLE DOWEL.

SET A DOWEL IN EACH ONE.

AND THESE HAVE TO LINE UP.

SO YOU MEASURE VERY CAREFULLY OR PUT A PIN BETWEEN EACH ONE.

TEST ASSEMBLE THIS, AND SET IT ON TOP OF THE SPOKES AS THEY ARE ALIGNED HERE.

AND THEN YOU CAN START PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER.

SO HERE WE GO.

THERE'S 2.

AND THIS IS TOUGH TO DO IN A-- AND THAT SHOULD BE 3.

AND THIS SHOULD BE--NOPE.

THIS SHOULD BE ONE.

HERE WE GO.

HERE'S ONE.

AND THERE'S 2.

AND THERE'S 4.

SO THAT MUST BE 3.

LET'S SEE.

I THINK THIS ONE IS JUST TURNED AROUND.

THAT'S WHAT IT IS.

ISN'T THAT WHAT'S HAPPENING THERE?

I DON'T KNOW WHAT'S GOING ON THERE.

LET'S JUST SEE IF THAT IS RIGHT, 'CAUSE THAT'S THE WAY I HAVE THEM STACKED UP.

YEP.

ALL RIGHT.

SO JUST LINE THESE UP, AND THEN ONCE THESE-- YOU'VE KIND OF JUST GOT TO FINAGLE IT ALL TOGETHER, AND YOU START TAPPING FROM THE OUTSIDE IN.

SO THERE WE GO.

WE CAN GET THEM ALL LINED UP.

GET 'EM ALL LINED UP.

GET 'EM ALL LINED UP.

TAP 'EM IN.

HERE WE GO.

THERE WE GO.

THERE WE GO.

THERE WE GO.

OK. NOW JUST A LITTLE BIT OF TAPPING, AND ALL OF THIS WILL DRIVE TOGETHER, AND BECAUSE WE'VE BEEN VERY CAREFUL ABOUT CURVING IN, THOSE SHOULDERS WILL FIT PERFECTLY.

SO WE BRING THIS AROUND, WELD UP A TIRE TO GO AROUND IT JUST A LITTLE BIT SMALLER THAN THE DIAMETER-- THAN THE CIRCUMFERENCE, AND THEN IT CAN SHRINK ON LIKE WE DID BEFORE.

SO THERE IS OUR WOODEN WHEEL READY TO GO.

ALL RIGHT.

SO WE'VE GOT THE WHEEL, WE'LL GET THE TIRE ON IT.

NEXT TIME WE GET TOGETHER, WE'RE GOING TO MAKE THE BARROW PART OF OUR WHEELBARROW.

SO HOPE YOU CAN JOIN WITH ME, AND WE'LL FINISH THIS THING UP NEXT TIME HERE IN "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."

THIS IS ROY UNDERHILL.

WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME.

SO LONG.

Announcer: TO LEARN MORE ABOUT "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP" AND TRADITIONAL WOODWORKING, VISIT PBS ON-LINE.

YOU CAN FIND US AT... CAPTIONING MADE POSSIBLE BY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION CAPTIONED BY THE NATIONAL CAPTIONING INSTITUTE --www.ncicap.org-- Announcer: MAJOR FUNDING FOR "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP" IS PROVIDED BY... WE ARE PBS.

Announcer: ROY UNDERHILL IS THE AUTHOR OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP" AND OTHER BOOKS ABOUT TRADITIONAL WOODWORKING PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS AND AVAILABLE AT BOOKSTORES AND LIBRARIES.